28. Development motor

19 important questions on 28. Development motor

Psychomotor development relates to three things, what are these things?


  • Reflex movements
  • Basic fundamental movement
  • Perceptual

What is meant with perception in relation to psychomotor development?

Interpretation of various stimuli to make adjustments to the environment. Coordinated movements such as rope jumping, or catching

What is meant with basic fundamental movement in relation to psychomotor development?

Walking, running, pushing, twisting, gripping, grasping, manipulating.
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What is meant with reflex movements in relation to psychomotor development?

Flexion, extension, stretch, postural adjustments.

What is the difference between cephalocaudal and proximodistal development?

Cephalocaudal is “from head to tail”. Development: head > abdomen & arms > legs.
Proximodistal is from central to peripheral. Control of head & abdomen before arms & legs, before fingers.

What is the moro reflex?

The moro reflex is a protection against falling. A baby extends arms and legs and quickly brings them in as if trying to grasp something.

What is the tonic neck reflex?

The tonic neck reflex is when a child's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side extends and the other arm bends.

What is the plantar reflex?

The plantar reflex is that the toes move away from the shin and curl down.

What is the babinski reflex?

The babinski reflex is that the toes spread.

4 factors are important when developing motor skills, what are these factors?


4 factors are of importance:
  1. CNS development
  2. Ability to move the body
  3. Child’s goals (& motivation)
  4. Environmental support ((grand)parents/caregivers)

What is needed for development of the motor system?


  • Physical play is important: running, climbing, hanging (upside down), swinging, playing around / teasing (positive manner)
  • Development of sensory and motor systems
  • Neuronal outgrowth, synaptogenesis (and synapse pruning)

What is 'funny' about breastmilk and laughter?

When a mother laughs a lot, the mother will produce melatonin. The melatonin will turn up in the breastmilk. This will be drunk by the baby and the baby will sleep better.

What is meant with REM sleep?

REM sleep: active brain in an inactive body, a lot of dreaming but you won’t remember it because you will go into another deep sleep stage after.

What are three sources of information for balance?

Three sources of information for balance:

  • Vestibular
  • Proprioception: sense your own body, sensory info from feet; often affected in elderly diabetes patients (peripheral neuropathy)
  • “Optical flow”: visual system

What is used to examine memory (recent vs. remote) & knowledge of babies?

Habituation ('seen it before')

To what age do these fears match?
Darkness, thunder, loud noise, animals, strangers, separation caregiver, people who look ‘different’ (than they are used to)

3 years old

To what age do these fears match?

Darkness, thunder, loud noise, animals, strangers, separation caregiver, people who look ‘different’ (than they are used to), loss of grip,  loss of parent/caregiver (as they recognize themselves vs parents => emotional development)

4 years old.

To what age do these fears match?

Physical pain (fall), big dogs, darkness, death, loss of parent/caregiver

5 years old

Why do a lot of fears disappear when a child is 5 years old?

At the age of 5 there is less fear because of use of logic & understanding and reference from before.

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