Development psych cognitive (Piaget)

14 important questions on Development psych cognitive (Piaget)

What is a schema?


A schema is a psychological structure (primary unit thereof) for an organized way to understand a certain experience (interaction with surroundings).
It changes with age and experience:
  • In first instance based on action (motor patterns)
  • Later more mentally-oriented (thinking)

What is the difference between adaptation and organization?

Organization:
Internal rewiring of schema’s, independent of interaction with surroundings; solely due to development of the CNS --> reaching, grabbing, pincer grasp

Adaptation:
Build schema’s and adapt them by direct interaction with surroundings
Subprocesses to acquire new schema’s: assimilation & accommodation

What are two ways of adaptation? Can you explain them?

  • Assimilation
  • Accommodation

Assimilation: use current schema’s to interpret what has been experienced, add new info to existing schema’s by experience, used when there is equilibrium.
Accommodation: adapting old schema’s and forming new ones that better fit what has been experienced, evoked by disequilibrium.
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What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development? What age groups are ordered in what stage?

Sensorimotor - birth to 2 years old
Preoperational - 2 years old to 6 years old
Concrete operational - 6 years to 11 years
Formal operational - 11 years and onwards

By what is the first stage of Piaget, sensorimotor characterized?

The sensorimotor stage is characterized by an exploration of the world around them through their senses. Most especially touch and taste.

What is object permanence and when is it learned?

Object permanence means that an object remains even when they are out of sight. This is learned in month 8 through 12.

What two forms of categorization is developing in the sensorimotor stage of Piaget?

  • Perceptual
  • Conceptual

What is perceptual categorization?

Perceptual categorization is based on similarity in total appearance or very prominent part thereof.

What is conceptual categorization?

Conceptual categorization is based on common function or behavior.

What is developed during the second stage of Piaget, the preoperational stage?

During the preoperational stage a child begins to explain the things around them which are incomprehensible by 'magic'. They truly begin to develop their imaginative skills and engage in 'make-believe'. Also, their sense of self develops further, resulting in a fierce egocentrism.

What is meant with dual representation? When is this mastered?

Dual representation means that symbolic items can be viewed as symbol and item. This is mastered at the age of 3.

What develops during the third stage of Piaget, the concrete operational stage?

During the concrete operational stage children develop their problem solving skills. Children may begin dismissing 'magic' as an explanation and instead want a reasonable answer. Concrete concepts begin to form.

What develops during the formal operation stage, the fourth stage of Piaget?

During the formal operation stage the child begins to understand abstract concepts and yearns to experiment with the world around them. In this stage the children are able to logically use symbols related to abstract concepts, such as algebra and science. They can think about multiple variable in systematic ways, formulate hypotheses, and consider possibilities.

What is hypothetico-deductive reasoning?

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning is to deduce a hypothesis from a general theory, bring it to the test, and adjust it based on outcome.

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