15. Anatomy + embryology urogenital system

26 important questions on 15. Anatomy + embryology urogenital system

What are the spermatic cords?

The spermatic cords are paired structures extending between the abdominopelvic cavity and the testes.

What does each spermatic cord consist of?

Each spermatic cord consists of layers of fascia and muscle enclosing the ductus deferens and the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that supply the testes.

What is the separate chamber called where each testis is found?

The scrotal cavity
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What is the tunica vaginalis?

The tunica vaginalis is a serous membrane that lines the scrotal cavity and reduces friction between the opposing parietal and visceral layer.

What is the tunica albuginea?

The tunica albuginea is a dense layer of connective tissue rich in collagen fibers that covers the testis.

What is the function of the septa testis?

The septa testis subdivides the testis into a series of lobules.

What are the efferent ductules?

Efferent ductules connect the rete testis to the epididymis.

What is the function of the head of the epididymis?

The head of the is the largest part of the epididymis. It receives the sperm from the efferent tubules.

What are the functions of the epididymis?

The epididymis:
  • Monitors and adjusts the composition of the fluid produced by the seminiferous tubules
  • Acts as a recycling center for damaged sperm
  • Stores and protects and facilitates their functional maturation

What is the ampulla of the ductus deferens?

The ampulla of the ductus deferens is the enlarged lumen of the ductus deferens just before the ductus deferens reaches the prostate and seminal glands.

What are the three regions the male urethra is subdivided into?

  • Prostatic
  • Membranous
  • Spongy

The seminal glands produce secretions, into what are these secretions discharged?

The ejaculatory duct

What is the function of the bulbo-urethral glands (Cowper's glands)?

The bulbo-urethral glands secrete thick, alkaline mucus. This secretions helps neutralize any urinary acids that may remain in the urethra, and it lubricates the tip of the penis.

What are the main structures of the penis?

  • Root
  • Body
  • Glans

What are the erectile tissues in the penis?

  • Corpora cavernose (2x)
  • Corpus spongiosum (1x)

What is the extensive mesentrary called that the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus are enclosed in?

The broad ligament

What are the three major functions of ovaries?

  • Production of immature female gametes, or oocytes
  • Secretion of female sex hormones, including estrogens and progesterone
  • Secretion of inhibin, involved in the feedback control of pituitary FSH production

What is the pocket between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior surface of the colon called?

Recto-uterine pouch, or Douglas pouch

What are the supporting ligaments of the ovaries?

  • Suspensory ligament
  • Ovarian ligament

What does the suspensory ligament contain?

The major blood vessels of the ovary:
  • Ovarian artery
  • Ovarian vein

What is the name of the place where the ovarian artery and ovarian vein are connected to the ovary?

Ovarian hilum.

What is the anatomy of the uterine tubes?

The infundibulum is the end closest to the ovary. The middle region is called the ampulla. The ampulla leads to the isthmus, a short region connected to the uterine wall.

What are the ligaments called that support the uterus?

  • Uterosacral ligament
  • Round ligament
  • Cardinal ligament

What are the four main regions of the uterus?

  • Uterine body
  • Fundus
  • Isthmus of the uterus
  • Cervix

What are the three major functions of the vagina?

  • It is a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids
  • It receives the penis during sexual intercourse, and holds sperm prior to the passage into the uterus
  • It forms the inferior portion of the birth canal, through which the fetus passes during delivery.

What is the male variant of the clitoris?

The penis

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