Endocrine system Anatomy and physiology

7 important questions on Endocrine system Anatomy and physiology

How did the pituitary develop, its origin?

Anterior from mounth (hormones of this are from hypothalamus) and posterior pituitary from brain and connected to hypothalamus.

Pituitary cell types

  • Chromofobe cells: approximately 50% of the epithelial cells and are clustered. No or a limited number of secretory granules.
  • Chromophil cells: cells contain specific granulae and can be separated into acidophil and basophil cells (staining properties of the secretion product)


    • somatotrope cells: acidophil, GH
    • Mammotrope cells: acidophil, PRL
    • Gonadotrope cells: basophil, LH, FSH
    • Thyreotrope cells: basophil, TSH
    • Corticotrope cells: basophil, ACTH

Which hormones are located in the anterior and which in posterior pituitary?

Anterior pituitary
  • TSH
  • FSH
  • LH
  • hCG (h-Choriongonadotrophine)
  • ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)
  • GH
  • PRL


Posterior pituitary
  • ADH
  • OXY
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Around which time is most hormone secretion in adults?

Around midnight, somewhere between 24.00 - 08.00h mainly.

What are the results of a high concentration of corticosteroids?

  • Bloodvolume increase
  • bloodpressure increase
  • blood potassium decrease
  • N-excretion increases (negative N-balance)
  • blood glucose levels increase and conc. Glycogen in liver, myocard and muscle increases.
  • immunity decrease
  • woundhealing and inflammation inhibited

Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis

Zie aantekeningen vwo

Reus groei symptoms:

  • Enlarged frontal sinuses
  • thickened skull vault
  • prognathic mandible
  • enlarged pituitary fossa

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