Performance management and coaching

21 important questions on Performance management and coaching

What does managing employee performance effectively requires?

That managers/supervisor become coaches rather than controllers. Coaching is one of the most important functions.

What is the focus of performance management?

It focuses on an ongoing process of performance improvement, rather than primarily emphasizing an annual performance review. It emphasize informal over formal feedback, it promotes assumptions that stimulate learning and it emphasize employee values/participation/engagement.

How is coaching been done? By performing 2 activities, which 2?

1 Coaching analysis: analyzing performance and the condition under with it occurs
2 Coaching discussions: communication between employee-supervisor to solve problems)
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Gice a brief definition of poor performance:

Specific, agreed-upon deviations from expected behavior.
1 To be considered poor, the extent of a deviation from a performance standard must be specifically defined
2 Both the evaluater/performer should agree to the amount of deviation that constitutes others.

Poor performance can also include other counterproductive/deviant workplace behavior. How can deviant workplace behavior be defined?

As voluntary behavior that violted significant organizational norms, and in doing to threatens the well-being of an organization/its members.

Which 4 types of deviant workplace behavior are proposed in the typology of Robinson & Bennet?

1 Product deviance (e.g. leaving early)
2 Property deviance (e.g. lying about hours worked)
3 Political deviance (e.g. blaming/gossiping about others)
4 Personal aggression (e.g. sexual harassement)

Once poor performance has occured, the supervisor must diagnose the  cause (individual, organizational, outsite environment) of this and  select an appropriate response. One way to do this is to conduct a  coaching (of performance) analysis. What is a coaching analysis?

It can help the supervisor identify the correct cause(s) of poor performnce and helps to determine the appropriate response.

What describes the causal attribution theory?

The process by which people assign causes to their own and others' behavior. Causes of performance have been placed in 4 categories: 2 withing the employee (effort and ability) and two within the situation (task difficulty and luck)

Fournies describes a 9-step process designed to identify both the causes of and possible solutions to poor performance. Name + explain the 9 steps for conduction a coaching analysis concerning employee performance:

1 Identify the unsatisfactory performance)
2 Is it worth your time/effort to address?
3 Do subordinates know that their performance is not satifcatory?
4 Do they know what is supposed to be done?
5 Are there obstacles beyond an employee's control?
6 Do they know how to do what must be done?
7 Does a negative consequence follow effective performance?
8 Does a positive conseuqnece follow non-performance?
9 Could the subordinate do it if he wants to?

There are 2 approaches that can be used to guide the coaching discussion. Describe the one from Kinlaw (3-stage process):

1 Confronting/presenting (confront the employee and present the performance problem)
2 Using reactions to develop information (about causes/solutions)
3 Resolving/resolution (agree about the solution)

There are 2 approaches that can be used to guide the coaching discussion. Describe the one from Fournies (5-step process)

1 Get the employee's agreement that a problem exists
2 Mutually discuss alternative solutions
3 Mutually agree on actions for solution
4 Follow up to measure results
5 Recognize achievements when they occur

The 2 approaches for coaching discussion of Kinlaw and Fournies have much in common, like what?

Both emphasize the need to get employees to verbally accept responsibility for improving performance and to involve them in developing actions/solutions.

The 2 approaches for coaching discussion of Kinlaw and Fournies also have differences, describe those:

Kinlaw highlights the emotional aspect and offers more guidance to supervisors how to deal with emotions. Fournies is more rational: an employee who performance poor, will generally be willing to deal with it. If not so: the supervisor is doing a bad job or the subordinate is engaging self-destructive behavior.

What is the writers' synthesis of the 9 steps to an effective coaching discussion?

1 Identify the employee performance issue to be discussed
2 Develop a coaching strategy that is tailored to the particular issues
3 Present the performance issue to the employee (specific, factual, respectful, supportive)
4 Seek the reactions/response from the employee to the presentation of the issue
5 Seek out the agreement that the problem exists
6 Mutually discuss solutions
7 Mutually agree on goals/actions/follow-up plan to resolve the issue
8 Follow-up at the agreed time/way
9 Recognize/reward improvements/achievements

What are ways to encourage continued effective performance through coaching?

Partnership and communication. Coomunicate and reinforce the organizations values and ethics (Peter & Austin)

Which 4 skills are necessary for effective coaching?

1 Openly communicate with others
2 Take a team-oriented, rather than an individual, approach to tasks
3 Value people over tasks
4 Accept the ambigous nate or the working environment

What are, according to Ellinger, ineffective managerial coaching behaviors? (4)

Ineffective communicator, too directive, withholding information or underming an employee.

What 2 broad skill areas are needed to be an effective coach?

1 Communication (liston, be specific/descriptive)
2 Interpersonal skills (respect, immediacy, objectivity, planning, affirming, consistency of behaviour, trust, demonstrating integrity).

What is performnce management (5)?

1 It goes beyond annual appraisal ratings/interviews
2 It is an ongoing process of performance improvement and it is connected to corporate goals/strategies
3 Incorporates: employee goals setting, feedback, coaching, rewards, individual development
4 Managers/supervisors are rewarded for effective coaching
5 User-friendly, automated and web-based.

Coaching is a process that encourage employees to (3)?

1 Accept responsibility for their own performance
2 Enables them to achieve/sustain superior performance
3 Treat them as partners in working toward organizational goals/effectiveness

What are the 3 motivational approaches to increase an employees sense of ownership of their performance?

1 Goal setting
2 Job redesign
3 Employee participation

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