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Separating and Retaining Employees

30 important questions on Separating and Retaining Employees

What are the 4 main costs of involuntary turnover?

1. Recruiting, selecting and training of replacements
2. Lost productivity
3. Lawsuits
4. Workplace violence

What are the 4 main costs of voluntary turnover?

1. Recruiting, selecting and training replacements
2. Lost productivity
3. Loss of talented employees
4. Unfavourable publicity

What is the employment-at-will doctrine?

States that in the absence of a specific contract, either the employer or employee could terminate the employment relationship at any time

What are the 3 principles of judgement employees have towards a disciplining/termination system?

1. Outcome fairness/distributive (are the outcomes fair relative to outcomes others received)
2. Procedural justice (were fair methods used to determine consequences for employee)
3. Interactional justice/managerial (did the company carry out its action in such a way that it took the employee's feelings into account)

What 3 requirements are there for the outcome fairness principle of judgement?

1. Outcomes are consistent among employees' cases
2. Everyone should be aware of what the consequences are
3. Outcomes should be proportionate to behaviour

What are the 6 determinants of the procedural justice principle of judgement?

1. Consistency
2. Bias surpression
3. Information accuracy
4. Correctability (include channels that allow appealing of a decision)
5. Representativeness of all groups affected
6. Consistency with ethical standards

What are the most important measures te ensure privacy protection of employees when gathering information?

1. Ensuring that information gathered is relevant
2. Publicising info-gathering policies and consequences
3. Request consent before gathering
4. Treat employees consistently
5. Conduct searches discreetly
6. Share info only with those who need it

What does the Workers' Adjustment Retraining and Notification Act entail?

Companies with more than 100 FTE need to give a 60 days' notice before any closing or layoff that will affect at least 50 FTE

What is the hot-stove rule?

Principle for responding effectively to problem behaviour. It states that discipline should be treated like a hot stove, which means that:
1. Clear warning should be given
2. Should be followed up with consistent, objective and immediate consequences

What is progressive discipline?

Formal discipline process in which consequences become more serious if the employee repeats the offence

What are the 5 steps of the progressive discipline system?

1. Unofficial spoke warning
2. Official written warning
3. 2nd written warning + threat of temporary suspension
4. Temporary suspension + written notice that this is last chance to improve
5. Termination

What are the 4 stages of the ADR process?

1. Open-door policy
2. Peer-review (resolving by setting up a panel of peers)
3. Mediation (non-binding)
4. Arbitration (binding)

What is an employee assistance program?

A referral service that employees can use to seek professional treatment for emotional problems and substance abuse

What are the 4 basic elements of EAPs?

1. Programs are identified in official documents published by employer
2. Supervisors and union representatives are trained to use the referral service for employees they suspect to have a problem
3. Employees are trained to use the system and refer themselves when necessary
4. Costs and benefits of program are evaluated on a yearly basis

What is outplacement counseling?

Service that tries to help dismissed employees manage the transition from one job to another

What is job withdrawal?

Set of behaviours with which employees try to avoid the work situation physically, mentally and emotionally

What are the 3 main forms of job withdrawal?

1. Behaviour change
2. Physical job withdrawal
3. Psychological job withdrawal

What are the 3 main personal dispositions that lead to job dissatisfaction?

1. Low emotional stability, conscientiousness and agreeableness
2. Negative affectivity (low levels of satisfaction regarding all aspects of life)
2. Core self-evaluation (bottom-line opinions people have of themselves)

What are the 3 components of job satisfaction?

1. Values: Person's values
2. Perceptions: Different employees have different views as to which values are important
3. What is important: Job satisfaction is based on perception, not always on objective and complete measurements of the situation

What are solutions to the 4 factors of job dissatisfaction?

1. Personal dispositions: Hiring employees that are predisposed to being satisfied
2. Tasks and roles: Designing complex and meaningful jobs
3. Supervisors and co-workers: Reinforcing shared values
4. Pay and benefits: Setting satisfactory pay levels

What are the 4 steps in the role analysis technique?

1. Role occupant and people who directly interact with them (role members) write down role expectations
2. Role members discuss these expectations together and develop preliminary list of role's duties and behaviours
3. Role occupant does the same, and meets with members to reach consensus
4. Group modifies list and reaches consensus on role

What are the 2 sorting processes within the sorting process?

1. Attraction (of people attracted to pay differentiated by performance)
2. Retention (low performers receive lower pay and are more likely to leave)
AKA: if differentiating is possible, do it

What is the incentive effect?

If employees have an expectancy of performance success, and their is an instrumental relationship between the performance and reward, they will work harder

What are the 3 elements of motivation?

1. Intensity (how hard do people try)
2. Direction (towards which goal is the effort channelled, is it extrinsic or intrinsic)
3. Persistence (how long do people maintain the effort)

What is the financial impact of job loss?

Real and lasting lower income/re-employment wage. Slightly compensated for by unemployment insurance

What are the 4 aspects of non-financial impact of job loss?

1. Social relationships
2. Status and respect
3. Identity and purpose
4. Security and confidence

What are the 2 types of involuntary separation?

1. Termination - initiated by employer based on continued performance problems
2. Layoff/ downsizing - planned elimination of large groups of people

When is downsizing particularly harmful?

1. R&D intensive industries
2. Industries with low capital intensity (relies on less physical capital for success)

In what 3 ways can survivor stress be managed?

1. Involvement
2. Provide opportunities to succeed
3. Provide access to decision makers

What are the 3 phases of the psychological contract between employee and employer?

1. Causes (involvement climate, experience, expectations, etc.)
2. Content (fairness, trust and delivery of the deal)
3. Consequences (attitudinal and behavioural)

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Human Resource Management

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