Summary: Humand And Animal Biology
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college 2 Phenotype
This is a preview. There are 4 more flashcards available for chapter 08/04/2019
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what is the definition of phenotypic plasticity ?
the ability if an organism to adapt its phenotype in reaction to the changing environment -
what are 2 categories of phenotypic plasticity that are relevant for human and animal biology?
-development plasticity: not reversible, no variation within individuals, no bound to season
-phenotypic plasticity: reversible, variation within individual, no bound to season -
what are 2 examples of phenotypic plasticity ?
migrating birds and homing salmons -
how does the Red Knot, a migrating bird, knows its time to leave?
season, food supply -
how does a Red Knot, a migrating bird, adapt to extreme conditions of long flights?
heart is increased, digestive organs are decreased. Fat storage is lowered from 100 to 15/40 gram
-sleep is unclear! -
what is the difference between a warm and cold climate in the body by migrating birds?
-warm: 30% reduced BMR, increased blood to the feet, fat redistributing, expanding feathers
-cold: increased BMR and fat storage in skin for isolation -
what are triggers for a bird to migrate?
food, daytime, reproduction -
The 'Bar headed goose (indische gans) flies at 5000-7000m with lower oxygen levels. How is this posible? name 5
Bigger lungs, deep breathing, 30-40% more capillary network for the bigger heart and wing muscles, increased cardiac output/more efficient energy production, increased hemoglobin (binds oxygen) -
Salmon are 'anadromous', what does this mean?
(Gr. anadromos, run- ning upward); they spend their adult lives at sea but return to freshwater to spawn. -
Salmons migrate from fresh water to sea water. To do this, they have to undergo 'smoltification'. What is Smoltification? How does the transition works?
-preparation for migrating to sea water
-brackish water -> osmotic adaptation, increased nacl
-activation chemoreceptors, sends signals to the brain
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