America before the skyscraper
11 important questions on America before the skyscraper
The American Declaration of Independence, original first draft,
by:
•the Governor of Virginia,
•American minister to France,
•the first Secretary of State,
•the third president of the United States,
•and one of the most accomplished gentleman architects in American history. Mr _________________
On page 230 of your text book, in reference to the European colonies in America, Patrick Nuttgens states: ‘Canada, parts of Florida and Louisiana owed their existence to ____________ .’
Fill in the above blank with one of the choices below:
On page 230 of your text book, in reference to the European colonies in America, Patrick Nuttgens states: ‘There were Spanish settlements in Florida, too, and South America was being opened up by both __________ and Portugal.’
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On page 232 of your text book, Patrick Nuttgens states: ‘The architectural style adopted in the colonies was at first a primitive version of that of the parent country at the time of colonisation. Bit by bit, _______________ adaptations due to climatic conditions, to the availability of local materials and the skills of local craftsmen, combined to produce a version that bore the hallmark of that particular country in its own right.’
Fill in the above blank with one of the choices below:
On page 232 of your text book, in reference to the relationship between the architectural aspirations of the Europeans and local talent, Patrick Nuttgens states: ‘But it was in the churches of ____________ and Peru, some of the earliest colonial buildings still in existence, that there first appeared a combination of the traditions and talents of settlers with those of the natives.’
Fill in the above blank with one of the choices below:
On page 233 of your text book Patrick Nuttgens states: ‘The earliest church on the continent, said to have been founded by Cortez and built around 1521, is _____________ at Tlaxcala, near Mexico City, where local cedar wood was used for beams.
Fill in the above blank with one of the choices below:
On page 233 of your text book Patrick Nuttgens states: ‘By the eighteenth century, when the ___________ was already out of fashion in Europe, South American ____________ had found its own self-confident individuality – a combination of naivety with dazzling beauty, exemplified in two very different churches, the Sagrario at Ocotlan, Mexico, and Sao Francisco de Assis, at OuroPreto, Brazil.
The above blanks contain the same word, fill them both in using one of the choices below:
On page 233 of your text book, in reference to the two churches mentioned in question 6, Patrick Nuttgens states: ‘Their common ancestor was the front added to the cathedral of ___________________ in 1738.
The above blanks contain the same word, fill them both in using one of the choices below:
On page 233 of your text book Patrick Nuttgens states: ‘After that floridity – exuberant Baroque tempered with peasant innocence – it is almost a shock to find a style of severe simplicity in the dwellings of the early settlers on the ____________________ of North America.
Fill in the above blank using one of the choices below:
On page 233 of your text book Patrick Nuttgens states: ‘…the first settlers in the New England states were pilgrims. Their barns scattered round the United States and Canada are beautiful primitive structures in oak and thatch or aspen shingles that bespeak different European origins. They evolved a distinctive type of frame house, the _____________ frame, which could easily be erected by a pioneering community.’
Fill in the above blank using one of the choices below:
On page 233 of your text book Patrick Nuttgens states: ‘Then classicism came to America through ____________________ (1743-1826)…He had served as ambassador at Versailles, at the time France was going through a Palladian phase, caught from the English enthusiasm. ________________ returned to America inspired by Paris, by Palladio and by the ancient Roman remains, particularly those at Nimes, which he saw in the 1780’s.
The above blanks contain the same name, fill them both in with one of the choices below:
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