Runoff generation
4 important questions on Runoff generation
What are the different contributions/components to runoff generation (or river discharge)Do these processes operate at different timescales?
- Surface runoff/overland flow
- Interflow/shallow subsurface flow (unsaturated zone)
- Baseflow/groundwater discharge (saturated zone)
- Precipitation onto stream
When does a precipitation event lead to overland flow?
→ creates overland flow
What is the infiltration capacity?
Under which conditions do rainfall rates exceed the infiltration capacity?
→ varies with soil composition and initial conditions
Infiltration excess
→ rainfall intensity exceed maximum infiltration rate
→ impermeable surfaces
Saturation excess
→ soil is saturated with water and can not store more water
→ overland flow
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How does land-use affect the infiltration capacity of the ground?Hydrological response to a precipitation event (quickflow vs baseflow)
Quickflow: Water that does not infiltrate, accumulates at/runs over the surface
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