Clinical immunology - Allergy

7 important questions on Clinical immunology - Allergy

What is type I hypersensitivity and what is the mechanism behind it?

Type I is immediate hypersensitivity, and it's immune mechanism is IgE antibody. Tissue injury occurs due to the involvement of mast cells and their mediators

Name some examples of a type I hypersensitivity reaction

- Allergic rhinitis
- Asthma
- Systemic anaphylaxis

What is type II hypersensitivity and what is the mechanism behind it?

Type II is antibody mediated, and the mechanism is IgM, IgG Abs to cell surface and extracellular matrix Ags. Tissue injury occurs due to opsonisation and phagocytosis of cells, complement and FcR mediated recruitment and activation of leukocytes (PMN, macrophages)
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Name some examples of type II hypersensitivity reactions?

- Drug allergies
- Transfusion reaction
- Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
- Graves disease
- Myasthenia gravis

Name some examples of a type III hypersensitivity reaction

- Serum sickness
- Systemic lupus erythematosus

What is type IV hypersensitivity and what is the mechanism behind it?

Type IV is T cell-mediated
1. CD4+ (delayed-type hypersensitivity), tissue injury occurs due to macrophage activation and cytokine-mediated inflammation
2. CD8+ CTLs (T cell mediated cytolysis), tissue injury occurs due to direct target cell lysis, and cytokine mediated inflammation.

Name some examples of type IV hypersensitivity reactions

- Contact dermatitis
- Graft rejection
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Diabetes mellitus
- Asthma

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