General - Cytokines - IL-2

8 important questions on General - Cytokines - IL-2

What does an IL-2 receptor look like?

• Heterotrimer
        –IL-2Ralpha, IL-2Rbeta gammac
•Extracellular Domain
        –Ligand binding
• Transmembrane Domain
        –Anchoring to cell membrane
•Intracellular Domain
        –Signalling to cytoplasm and nucleus

Which cells produce IL-2?

T cells
- 60% of stimulated CD4 helper T cells
- 30% of stimulated CD8 cytotoxic T cells

(recent evidence suggests that activated dendritic cells and mast cells may also produce IL-2)

How is IL-2 production stimulated physiologically?

By monoclonal activation (antigen activation).
1. Antigen presenting cell presents antigen in the MHC groove
2. Recognised by specific TCR
3. In presence of co-stimulatiors this causes T cell activation, cytokine production and proliferation
4. Signal induction via AP-1, NFkB and NF-AT
(bind to upstream promoter of IL-2 gene)
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How is IL-2 production stimulated experimentally?

By polyclonal activation (mitogen activation)
- PHA (phytohaemagglutinin)
- Anti-CD3/CD28

What is the autocrine effect of IL-2?

Antigen-dependent proliferation and differentiation of identical daughter CD4+ T cells (clonal expansion)
Antigen-dependent proliferation and differentiation of identical daughter CD8+ T cells.

What is the paracrine effect of IL-2?

Proliferation and differentiation of NK cells:
IL-2 stimulates NK cells to proliferate and differentiate into lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells filled with cytotoxic granules (also called large granular lymphocytes)

Which cytokine is required for the generation of cytolytic molecules?

IL-2

What are the receptors of IL-2?

CD25 (IL-2Ra)
CD122 (IL-2Rb)
CD132 (yc)

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