Summary: Im-H

Read the summary and the most important questions on IM-H

• 1 Elements of the immune system and their role in defense

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• What is the immune system?

  A diffuse, complex network of interacting cells, cell products and cell-forming tissues that protect the body.

• What happens to the immunity balance in case of disease?

  - non self harmful can cause an infection
  - non self harmless can cause an allergy
  - self harmless can cause an auto-immune disease
  - self harmful can cause cancer

• How to treat immune related disease in other words how to restore the balance between inflammation and tolerance?

  - in case of infection: vaccines 
  - in case of  autoimmune disease or cancer: the immunotherapy

• 1.1 Innate versus adaptive immunity: components

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• What are the epithelial barriers?

  Physical barriers from the first line of defence against pathogens.

• What are the secondary lymphoid organs and the function?

  Activation of adaptive immune cells. 
  -  Lymph nodes 
  - Spleen 
  - Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissues (GALT)

• What is correct concerning your innate immune system?

  It forms the first and the second line of defence

• 1.2 Innate versus adaptive immunity: function

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• What is the function of innate immune cell receptors?

  - used for activation and pathogen uptake 
  - equal expression per cell subset 
  - can differentiate between major pathogen species
  - using associated molecular patterns: >pathogen (PAMPS) >danger(DAMPS)

• What is the function of the adaptive immune cell receptors?

  - used for activation and effector functions 
       > B cell: B cell receptor BCR becomes soluble: antibody
      >T cells: T cell receptor TCR  
  - can differentiate within major pathogen species
  - using antigens 
     > highly specific for each pathogen 
     > receptor is highly specific per cell

• Neutrophils are recruited by macrophages from the...

  Bone marrow by chemokines
  Note: recruit then chemokine

• 2 Immediate response to infection: complement

• 2.1 Inflammation complement

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• What is the function of the alternative pathway?

  Activates soluble C3 convertase starting with hydrolysis