Summary: Immunology

Read the summary and the most important questions on Immunology

• 1 Important things

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• How develops an ILC1?

  Cytokine: IL-15, IL-7
  Transcription factor: T-BET
  Activated by: IL-12, 15 and 18.   
  Produces: IFN-y
  For: Defense against viruses

• How develops an ILC2?

  Cytokine: Il-7
  Transcription factor: GATA3
  Activated by: IL-25, 33 and TSLP  
  Produces: IL-5 and 13
  For: Defense against helminths; allergic inflammation

• How develops an ILC3?

  Cytokine: IL-7BE
  Transcription factor: RORyt
  Activated by: IL-1B and IL-23   
  Produces: IL-17 and 22
  For: Intestinal barrier function; lymphoid organogenesis

• Which cytokines influence NK activation?

   - IL-12, 15 and 8, IFN --> Enhance cytotoxity / IFNy secretioin
  - IL-2 and 15 --> Important for survival / growth

• 2 composition of the immune system.

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• What makes immunology worth studying

  - The immune system is involved one way or another in almost all human pathological condition 
  - Many laboratory diagnostics are based on immunological methods 
  
  - More and more diseases get treated by manipulating the immune system 
  -Autoimmune diseaes affect 7-8% of the population, they are chronic and generally incurable, yet many can be treated effectively 
  - The number of immunocompromised patients increased recently. (immunocmpromised people means for example people who have HIV, cancer, etc. ) 
  - Laypeople ( for example the media) have a strong opinion regarding immunology ___ Media tends to mix medical facts with quackery and pseudoscience.

•  How do we approch immunology

  We start with the basic elements: Molecules and cells 
  then we continue with organs and functions 
  
  so basically: Molecules, cells, organs and functions 

• Composition of immune system

  -Innate immune system: it develops earlier during the development 
  it is non antigen specific, no immunological memory, rapid reactivity, Linear amplification of the reaction. 
  
  - Adaptive immune system: It develops later in the evolution.
  It is Antigen specific, Immunological memory, Activated after a latency, Exponential amplification of the reaction. 
  
  -Natural immune system: Innate-like immunity with adaptive features.

• Innate immune system

  It has
  -Pattern recognition receptors 
  -Pathogen associated molecular patters 
  -First line defence 
  -Low number of molecularly distinct receptors and high number of recognized patterns.
  -Main molecular components (eg cfr notes)
  -MAin cellular components (eg cfr notes)

• Natural immune system

  It has: 
  - Antigen recognition receptor with limited specificity
  - Patern recognition profile 
  -Innate-like immune response
  -Limited number of distinct antigen receptors and high number of recognized antigens
  -Main cellular components cfr note 
  -Main molecular components. Cfr notes 

• Theoretical scheme of the innate immunity

  First there is a recognition which lead immediately to a response, then signal