Tumorimmunity - evading the immune system

4 important questions on Tumorimmunity - evading the immune system

How can tumor evade the immune system

1. Low immunogenicity
2. Tumor antigen is tolerated as a self-antigen.
 immune cells are not activated.
3. Tumor may lose or mutate the tumor antigen.
4. Tumor induces immune suppression.
5. Tumor cells create a physical barrier for immune system.

In which three ways can tumor evade the immune system by tumor-induced immune suppression?

o Tumor cells gen produce TGF-beta and IL10 (also produced by Treg)  which are immunosuppressive cytokines.
o Attraction of Treg cells and this influence the activation of Th1 or other T-cells that can eliminate the tumor.
o Tumor cells express PD-L1 that binds to the inhibitory receptor PD-1 on T cells that inhibit the activation of the T-cells.

How does the creating of the physical barrier protects the tumor cell?

When there is a physical barrier, the immune system can’t recognize the tumor.
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How does the toleration of the tumor antigen protect the tumor?

When the tumor antigen is tolerated as a self-antigen the immune cells will not be activated and thus not eliminate the tumor.

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