Summary: India

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• 1 India

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• What was the Indian National Congress about?

  It was a group of Indian's with radical and extreme demands, they demanded dominion status and they dictated their demands to the British. They were prepared to take British monarchy, but it had to be on their terms, all power to the Indians. They demanded the right to assemble (indirect reference to Amritsar).

• What were the All-India Muslim league about?

  They expressed loyalty to the British Raj, even promoted it in a way. They were peaceful they wanted to prevent violence to other communities. They also sought to advance the political rights of Muslims.

• Who controlled India at the End of the First World War?

  Montagu and Chelmsford.

• What did the Montagu declaration entail?

  It was a compromise that granted some form of self government. No time frame was given but Montagu said he would visit India and take suggestions from representative bodies.

• What was the government of India act 1919 about?

  An extension of the morley minto act 10 years earlier, provincial councils were enlarged, those who were wealthy, educated and paid taxes could now vote, 1% of women were now eligible to vote too. All former soldiers could now vote too. The montagu chelmsford report caused a division of power in the provinces, it was unequal but still a division, between the Indians and the British. It was called dyarchy. It remained in force until 1935.

• What were the home rule leagues?

  new and innovative nationalist organisations that were introduced in 1916. One started in Bal Tilak(freed from imprisonment by the British). The other was founded by the famous Fabian activist Annie Besant. Newspapers, rallies, pamphlets, preachers and songs were all used to spread nationalism. After a year 60,000 people had joined the home rule leagues.Both leaders were banned from British controlled provinces, students were banned from their meetings and Annie Besant was even locked up by the Raj in 1917.

• What was the native reaction to the Rowlatt acts?

  Serious unrest and riots broke out, especially in Punjab, and its administrative capital of Amritsar. Michael O'Dwyer was sure that the unrest in Amritsar was part of a carefully co-odinated plan that could lead to mutiny. So Dyer over reacted and sent in troops.

• What happened at the Amritsar massacre?

  Dyer read out proclamations all over the city saying there could be no meetings or assemblies, and there was a city wide curfew established. The 13th of April was a Sikh festival and thousands came to the city to celebrate, they gathered to listen to speeches about the riots and the Rowlatt acts. Dyer arrived with British troops and opened fire on the crowd killing 379 people, although more died from their injuries later on. They were in the Jallianwala Bagh which was an area behind a Sikh temple.

• What was martial law after Amritsar?

  Where the army takes control of the area and the curfews become very strict, students were punished for trivial offences. The crawling order was part of this, it meant that any Indian who wished to pass down a street where marcia sherwood was beaten had to crawl down the street instead.

• What is the Hunter Commission?

  Appointed to head an investigation into the massacre at Amritsar. The findings ended Dyer's career, he died in July 1927.