Zoltan & Audretsch: innovation in LE and SE
5 important questions on Zoltan & Audretsch: innovation in LE and SE
The greatest obstacle in understanding role of innovation in economic processes is
The measure of innovative activity used in this paper is
- the number of innovations in eacht SIC industry, recorded in 1982
- Innovation data are classified to industry based on SIC code
- Data are classified in: innovations by LE (more then 500 employees), and by SE (less then 500)
Administration classified each innovation according to one of the following levels of significance
- innovation established an entirely new category of product
- innovation is first of its type on the market in a product category already in existence
- innovation is significant improvement in existing technology
- innovation is modest improvement to update existing product
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Positive coefficient of LE employment share indicates
While most empirical research examined only innovative activity contributed by LE, or the innovative output of SE. Zoltan present a model which
- investigates the degree to which innovative output is affected by different industry characteristics
- and the extend to which LE and SE respond differently to various stimuli
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