Niederkofler: evolution of strategic alliances
17 important questions on Niederkofler: evolution of strategic alliances
Development of strategic misfit
Strategic misfit could be traced back to
- non-resolved operating misfit, combined with dependence on the parner
- Change in firms environments and strategies. over time, interests shift and the cooperation may lose its appeal or even conflict with partners goals
Hypothesis of Niederkoflers article
A marjoc cause for cooperative failure is managerial behaviour
Renegotiation or exit
Strategic misfit can be resolved by
re-evaluating the relationship. Either a common basis of interests is established again, and the relationship was repositioned accordingly, or the relationship was dissolved
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Flexibility is important in a strategic alliance
- as all partnerships are subject to unseeable change
- success depends on partners ability to make adjustments in their relationship
Two main factors determine the evolution of cooperative relationships
- Strategic Fit
- Operating fit
Dealing with operational misfit
Non-Invented-Here (NIH) facto
the smaller partners technology or product were not judged on the merit of their performance, but discounted or even rejected, simply because they were outside ideas
In theory strategic alliances between SE and LE offers competitive advantage because
Combination of
- SE's knowhow, with
- LE's marketing and financial powers
Yet, few of these partnerships result in tangible benefits
There is a sequential build up, as a relationship is slowly built, and commitment to partners increases as the knowledge of partner grows. Which is has two important advantages
- if strategic misfit should develop, then a relationship with less commitment and less involvement is easier to dissolve
- Operating misfit will be reduced over time, as the knowledge of the partner grows and goodwill develops in the relationship
Initial negotiation and contract drafting
- contract is not final, but beginning point
- fair deal (which may require little sacrifices) is better than one that doesn't work at all
- negotiation must produce clear understanding of partners resources and interest, to create strategic fit
- agreement should be as specific as possible, but not constrain because changes are unavoidable in cooperative relationships
Problems in SF-LF alliance
Regarding control
- Risk that LE dominates alliance and SE is dependent partner --> Calimero effect
Boundary spanners that have experience with the organizational domain, may
- reduce cultural and structural misfit
- Ex. a CEO of SE who has worked in context of a LE for a period, is familiar with structures and procedures of LE
The importance of goodwill and trust in creating strategic alliance
- has a stabilizing effect on relationship at all development stages
- increase partners tolerance for each others beahviour
- helps avoiding conflicts
- raises general level of communication, and thereby decreases chance of operational misfit
Negotiations establish operating misfit
- What makes them attractive for each other? can also be source of conflict.
- Some talk about culture shock, when they describe fundamental differences between SE and LE in risk taking and quality control
- Negotiators can be ethusiastic about corporations, individuals of org. may not
- Negotiation process often lacked depth to address operating issues: rather then spend time on hammering out co-operating details, they believe 'things will work themselves out'
Problems in SF-LF alliance
From SE perspective
- Implausible demand for info by LE
- Decision delay (by bureacracy) by LE
- Lack of support of LE
- LE suffer from NIH syndrome
Potential problem areas of LE-SE alliance are;
- capability
- commitment
- control
- compatibility
Problems in SF-LF alliance
From LE perspective
- Lack of formal analysis by SE
- Irritation due to SE impatience
- Lack of knowledge of SE
Dealing with operational misfit
could be overcome with help of adjustments on operational level
- Sustained operating misfit, which is not corrected, leads to dormant relationship
- organizational differences between SE and LE, as cultural or structural, offer large potential for conflict. Can bridge this gap with special skills in communication and diplomacy
- Managers of LE are uncomfortable with uncertainty of new org. And managers of SE must be warned for innovation will be stiffled by cooperation
- to make it work, operational misfit needs to be acknowledged first. Partners have tendency to blame each other, rather then share responsibility
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