Bacteria - Mycobacteria
7 important questions on Bacteria - Mycobacteria
Mycobacteria species can roughly be divided into three groups, what are these groups?
2. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
3. Nontuberculous mycobacteria
What is characteristic for mycobacteria?
- Complex cell wall
- Acid fast (resistant to low pH)
- Slow growing
- Mostly intracellular
What does the cell wall of mycobacteria looks like?
- cell membrane
- lipoproteins
- peptidoglycan layer (cell wall)
- arabinogalactan layer
- mycolic acids
- on top some glycolipids
Lipoarabinomannan is also present throughout the whole layer (from cell membrane to glycolipids)
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Why are mycobacteria so difficult to eradicate (why are they successful)?
- Long window period
- dormancy
- intracellular
- resilient cell wall
- zoonotic and environmental reservoirs
- slow growing
Drug resistance strains of Tb and leprosy are emerging, due to:
- Low treatment adherence
- Latent infections
- Bacteria actively limit antibiotic exposure
General information cell wall mycobacteria
- protects bacteria from external influences, such as acidity and oxidative stress
- modulates PRR recognition by shielding or exposing PAMPs
- Lipomannan facilitates phagocytosis by host cell
Life cycle mycobacteria
Mycobacteria are in phagosomes and survive acidic pH (cell wall)
Escape phagosome with help of ESX system
Mycobacteria are in cytosol, where a lot of nutrients are present
Change metabolism of host cell to produce lipid droplets
Macrophage dies at a sudden point
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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