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Immune response

5 important questions on Immune response

Why is the innate immune response important?

- required for proper activation of the adaptive immune response
- limits initial infection to manageable level
- adaptive immune response is slow and pathogens are quick

Which innate receptors recognize viruses? And what do they trigger?

RIG-I, MDA5 and NOD1/NOD2 = in cytoplasm
TLR = at plasma membrane / in endosomes

They trigger IFN-ß, mainly via NFkB
IFN-ß is secreted and activates own cell and neighbours to produce more IFN-ß via JAK-STAT signalling

Signal transduction depends often on ubiquitination, what is this molecule?

Ubiquitin is a small molecule with LRGG (leu-arg-gly-gly) at the C terminal end. This sequence is important in binding to proteins / other ubiquitin molecules (polyubiquitin). This sequence can bind to K (lysine).

Ubiquitination is a sign for degradation of the protein, activity of protein and regulates interactions with other proteins. This depends on place of polymerisation

What is a DUB?

A de-ubiquitylated enzyme, it removes ubiquitin from proteins (protease).

Viruses use DUBs to manipulate the cell and evade the immune response

What is the difference between professional and non-professional APCs?

Professional APCs are B-cells, macrophages and DCs that express MHC class I and II
Non-professional APCs are all nucleated cells that express MHC class I and epithelial cells/neutrophils/pDCs that also express MHC class II

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

Infectious Agents and Immunity

View summary