I - implementation of COVID-19 vaccination
10 important questions on I - implementation of COVID-19 vaccination
What are the key parts of the corona virus?
What are the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2?
- Direct (from person to person)
- Indirect (from person to object to person (fomite transmission))
What are the complications of SARS-CoV-2?
- Respiratory failure from cytokine storm and venous leakage
- Systemic infection leading to multiple organ failure, encephalitis, and septic shock
- Venous thromboembolism due to coagulation failure and endothelial damage
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What are the properties of an ideal vaccine?
- Provides same immune protection as a natural infection without causing disease
- Provides long-lasting immune protection (so ideally causes B- and T-cell activation)
- Prevents carriage to interrupt the spread of infection
- Excellent risk/benefit profile (risk and severity of side effects < prevented death and complications)
What are the differences between clinical trials and animal studies in assessing the effectiveness of vaccines?
What are the disadvantages of the use of known techniques in vaccine development?
- Can be less safe for certain people
- Can take a long time to develop
- May need help for immunogenicity
What are the advantages of the use of new techniques in vaccine development?
- Easily adaptable
- Easy to produce
- Safe: do not depend on virus
- Immunogenic (vector vaccines a bit less)
How does an mRNA vaccine work (Pfizer/BioNTech; Moderna)?
What does not happen with an mRNA vaccine?
- mRNA cannot change DNA: DNA is kept separate from the rest of the cell
- mRNA does not linger in cells: it is naturally degraded in a few days
- The vaccine cannot cause COVID-19: it contains a specific piece of mRNA, no the whole/live virus
How does a non-replicating viral vector work (Oxford/AstraZeneca)?
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