International health regulations

10 important questions on International health regulations

What are the characteristics of emerging infectious diseases (EID)?

  • Arise from many different pathogens: viruses, bacteria, parasites
  • Are present in many different species
  • Take many different routes of transmission
  • Affect all populations in all regions of the world

What is the difference between the World Health Assembly (WHA) and the executive board?

The executive board is a more technical group that sets the agenda for the WHA. The WHA is a more political group of people that determines the priorities globally.

EID can have a negative impact locally & globally. In what way?

  • Morbidity & mortality
  • Severy impact on society, health care system, international tension
  • Strong impact in society, fear, panic
  • Financial losses due to disruption of trade, tourism, etc
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What is the purpose of IHR 2005?

To prevent, protect against, and control by providing a response to a public health risk.

What were the three paradigm shifts from IHR 1969 to IHR 2005?

  • From control of borders to containment at the source
  • From 3 diseases list to all public health threats
  • From preset measures to adapted repsonses

What is a PHEIC?

A Public Health Event of International Concern

Polio has been tried to eradicate. It has not been completely successful but a lot of progress has been made. However, a new problem regarding polio has been on the rise. What is this problem?

Circulating Vaccine Derived Polio Vaccine (cVDPV)

What has the impact of COVID-19 been on the eradication of polio?

  • Mass immunization programs have been put on hold
  • Focus was on something else than polio eradication

What are the vaccination tactics?

  • Routine immunization programs at health clinics, youth and healthy baby clinics, or other places inside the health system.
  • Vaccination campaigns (usually in countries where the health care system is less developed)
  • House-to-house (door-to-door) vaccination: usually when there is an outbreak or when immunization rates are insufficient to build herd immunity and stop transmission of certain diseases
  • Ring vaccination

What are the lessons learned from SARS in 2003?

  • Transparency is the best policy
  • 20th-century science played a small role, while 19th-century measures played a large role in controlling the situation
  • Sharing of critical information on the SARS virus and epidemiology
  • Animal husbandry and marketing practices seriously affect human health
  • For the EU a scientific center was considered necessary

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