Vaccines & vaccination
13 important questions on Vaccines & vaccination
What are 5 properties of ideal vaccines.
- Should not cause a disease, or much less (side effects)
- Genetical stable
- Individual immunity + long-lasting + help with herd immunity
- Public support because people need to be willing to take it
- Be affordable
What are the four broad types of vaccine atigens?
- Live attenuated
- Killed inactivated (inactivated by formaldehyde or B-propiolactone)
- Toxoid
- Subunit (recombinant DNA technology or classical bacteriological growth processes)
How can we manipulate a virus for a live attenuated vaccin?
- Adapt to a new species => no longer fit in humans
- Growth at low temperature
- Generate a recombinant with an avirulent strain
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
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What is an advantage of a live attenuated vaccin?
- A fitter immune response
- A natural immune response
What is a subunit vaccin, and name an example.
Clone virus genome DNA (or RNA with reverse transcriptase).
Choose the proteins you want in your vaccin. Parts of the virus that are immunogenic (=subunit vaccines).
Example hrHPV. These vaccins have a capsid structure (no genome and therefore no infectious virus in the vaccine) L1 and L2 proteins. They spontaneously form the virus like capsid.
What are virus-vector vaccines?
- Viral vector vaccines are like messengers. They use a weakened version of a different virus to deliver instructions to cells in your body; from an antigen from a different virus.
Delivery system for an antigen of a different virus.
Which pathogens secrete toxoids (exotoxins)?
How do they make the toxoid vaccine?
But they still activate antibodies.
What kind of vaccines do we have against the different infections?
Tell about the type of virus and de mode of transmission of small pox virus.
Type of virus:
- Variola smallpox-virus (poxviridae family, with a orthopoxvirus genus)
- Major (most common with 30% mortality rate) and minor form (milder)
- Inhalation
- Contact with the leasions (Leasions grow and leave deep scars)
What was the first vaccine against smallpox and what is it now?
- From 19st we use the vaccinia virus (VACV)
When was smallpox eliminated worldwide?
What do we need to eradicate a virus?
- Stable political and bureaucratic framework
- Clear, measurable goals
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
