The Changing Competitive environment

16 important questions on The Changing Competitive environment

What are virtual networks?

Connections between network nodes are not physical but intangible and invisible. Nodes are typically people rather than devices

What is the value of a virtual network?

Shared information and shared expertise, whereas the value is a function of its size

What is a tippy market?

A market that is subject to strong positive feedback, the firm who's most dominant is able to reach the mass, when the market will 'tip"
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What is a tipping point?

The moment in the evolution of a market, where one organization or technology reaches critical mass

How to recognize a tippy market?

Depends on two factors:
  • the presence and strenght of economies of scale; strong economies provide an advantage to larger firms
  • the variety of the customer needs; customer demands variety creates niches that the dominant player may be unable to fulfill

What are two-sided networks?

Networks that have two types of members (like PDF, users and suppliers)
Value of the network to one type of member depends on the number of members from the other side

What are the implications of network economics (For managers)?

Customers will pick a network, not a product or service. It means that when they buy for example a computer, they will buy a mac or windows because friends have mac or windows in case of looking at the hardware
Sponsoring a network provides competitive advantages
Steeper costs give more power to the sponsor

What are classic information goods?

those products that a customer purchases for the sole purpose of gaining access to the information they contain.

Information  goods are products that can be digitized

What are the economic characteristics of information goods?

  • High production costs
  • Negligible replication and distribution costs
  • Information is not the carrier
  • Costs are sunk; you cannot sell the information if nobody wants it
  • No natural capacity limit; it can be download million times
  • Not consumed by use
  • Experienced goods; the products or services need to be tried before their quality can be assessed

What are the implications of information goods?

  • Information is customizable
  • Information is reuasable
  • Information is often time-valued
  • information goods can produce significant gross profit margins

What are information intensive goods?

Products or services that need information or where information is embedded in the product itself as knowledge

What are implications of new technologies and the trade-off between richness and reach?

  • Traditional business models continue to be questioned
  • A direct relationship with the customer is an advantage
  • Owning the customer interface may become critical (customer interface is the way the customers retrieves their information)
  • The ability to maintain asymmetries of information declines (assymetry of information is the condition where one party to a transaction has more information than the other party: customers know now much more of a product than ever before, even more that the seller it self)

What are obstacles for the change?

  • New technology must replace the characteristics of the old one;
  • New technology entails costs; learning obstacles, swithcing costs and user inertia (the restiatance of humans to chance)
  • Attention of people, because proliferation of information leas to scarcity of attention, which leads to slow adoption rates for all but the most revolutionary innovations (For example;online grocery shopping, the adoption rate is to slow to make the investment returns quick)

What is sustaining technology?

they maintain or rejuvenate the current rate of performance improvement of the products and services that use them. They extend the useful life of the product as the market demands further and further improvements

What are disruptive technologies?

  • Offers a different set of attributes than the technology the firm currently uses in its products
  • The peformance improvement rate is higher than the rate of improvement demanded by the market

What to do with disruptive technologies?

  • Estimate whether the technolgy catch up the market needs; when is the new technology good enough for customers to buy it? At which performance?
  • Listen carefully to the most agressive customers, who whill appreciate the attributes of the disruptive technology
  • Spin of a new division to focus on competing with disruptive technologies

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