Motivatie en Leiderschap - Tekstboek
28 important questions on Motivatie en Leiderschap - Tekstboek
What is the definition of Motivation and what are the elements?
- Direction
- Intensity
- Persistence
What are work motivation theories? Which are the two kinds?
1. Distal motivation theories deal with processes thar are far removed from the behavior
2. Proximal motivation theories deal with processes that are close to the behavior.
What are the two 'need theories'?
2. Two-Factor Theory: states that motivation comes from the nature of the job itself, not from external rewards or job conditions. Job aspects relevant to the animal needs are called hygiene factors (pay, supervision etc.). Job aspects relevant to the growth needs are called motivator factors, these lead to satisfaction on the job.
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What is expectancy theory?
Force (amount of motivation) = Expectancy x (Valences (value of a reward) x Instrumentality)
What is self-efficacy theory?
Difference is that expectancy is concerned with a specific activity at a particular point in time, whereas self-efficacy is concerned with the general feeling that a person is or is not capable in some domain of life.
Galatea effect: in which people's beliefs about their own capabilities lead them to perform better, as in a self-fulfilling prophecy.
What is justice theories and its two kinds?
1. Equity theory: states that people are motivated to achieve a condition of fairness or equity in their dealings with other people and with organizations. Outcomes and inputs.
2. Fairness theory: rather than focusing on the fair allocation or distribution of rewards, fairness theory distinguishes between the distribution of rewards and the procedures by which rewards are allocated.
What is action theory?
Desire for something --> goal development --> plan generation --> plan execution --> feedback.
Action versus state orientation.
What are the two most studied variables in I/O Psychology?
2. Job Satisfaction
What is Job Satisfaction? What are the two approaches?
1. Global approach
2. Facet approach
What are the four important cultural values, that may are involved by the cultural differences of job satisfaction?
2. Masculinity: reflects the extent to which organizations focus on achievement and job performance as opposed to the health and well-being of employees.
3. Power distance: the tolerance people have for power and status differences among levels of an organization and society.
4. Uncertainty avoidance: reflects the level of comfort in situations that are unpredictable.
What are the environmental antecedents of job satisfaction?
- Skill variety
- Task Identity
- Task significance
- Autonomy
- Task Feedback
2. Pay
3. Justice
What are the personal antecedents of job satisfaction?
- Negative Affectivity (NA): the tendency for an individual to experience negative emotions, such as anxiety or depression, across a wide variety of situations.
- Locus of control: whether or not people believe they are in control of reinforcements in life.
2. Gender
3. Age
4. Cultural and Ethnic Differences
What is Growth need strength (GNS)?
What are the two explanations of the relation betwee job satisfaction and job performance?
2. Performance might lead to satisfaction
What are the three hypotheses that have been proposed about how job and life satisfaction might affect one another?
2. Compensation hypothesis: says that dissatisfaction in one area of life will be compensated for in another.
3. Segmentation hypothesis: states that people compartmentalize their lives and that satisfaction in one area of life has no relation to satisfaction in another.
What are the five bases of power one person has over another?
2. Referent power: Get subordinates to like you
3. Legitimate power: Get a high-level position or rank
4. Reward power: Gove rewards for compliance
5. Coercive power: Give punishment for noncompliance
What is political power and what are it's three means by which it's achieved and maintained?
1. Controlling decision processes: involves controlling and influencing important decisions in the organization.
2. Forming coalitions
3. Co-opting: involves trying to diffuse another fraction's opposition by allowing its members to participate in the decision.
What is political skill and what are its four dimensions?
1. Social astuteness: the ability to understand people and social situations
2. Interpersonal influence: skill of convincing other people to engage in the behavior desired to accept a particular position
3. Networking ability
4. Apparent sincerity: skill of appearing to be or really being hones, open and trustworthy
What are the two approaches of the trait theory?
2. Leader emergence: who in a group will become a leader.
What are the two leadership styles of leader behavior approach?
2. Autocratic: subordinates have little input
What are the two aspects of leadership in the leader behavior approach? How are these assessed?
2. Initiating structure: extent to which the supervisor defines his or her own role and makes clear what is expected.
They are assessed by the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ).
What is the Fiedler's contingency theory and what are its characteristics?
Leader characteristic: motivational structure, measured by Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale
Situational Variables (situational control: amount of power and influence)
1. Leader-member relations
2. Task structure
3. Position power
Where for is the Leader Match training?
What is the path-goal theory? What are the four supervisory styles?
1. Supportive style
2. Directive style
3. Participative style
4. Achievement style
What is the leader-member exchange (LMX) theory? What are the two types of relations?
1. The cadre/in-group consists of subordinates who are trusted and influential members of the work group. Treats them with consideration and adopt a participative style with them.
2. Hired hands/out-group: subordinates who are supervised with a directive style and are given little input into decisions.
What is transormation leadership theory? What are its four components?
1. Idealized influence: extent to which leaders encourage followers with their statements and model high standards for behavior.
2. Inspirational motivation: is provided a vision.
3. Intellectual stimulation: encouraging followers to question the status quo and think of better ways to do things.
4. Individualized consideration: paying attention to the development and well-being of followers.
What is the Vroom-Yetton Model?
What is the glass ceiling phenomenon?
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