Groepen en Organisatie - Tekstboek
12 important questions on Groepen en Organisatie - Tekstboek
What are the four important group concepts? What are the two important team concepts?
1. Roles: formal and informal
2. Norms: Inform --> Scold --> Punish --> Ostraciz
3. Group cohesiveness: the sum of forces attracting group members and keeping the group together.
4. Team conflict: cooperative and competitive conflict.
Team concepts:
1. Process Loss: all time and effort expended on activities not directly related to production or task accomplishment.
2. Team commitment
What is a team mental model?
What are the two types of diversity?
2. Demographic
Members of teams with group goals are more satisfied if they are diverse. Members of teams with individual goals are more satisfied if they are not diverse.
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What are the three techniques that can be used to improve group functioning?
2. Quality Circles: groups of employees who meet periodically to discuss problems and propose solutions relevant to their jobs. Health cirkel: discuss ways to improve health and well-being.
3. Teambuilding
- a planned activity
- conducted or facilitated by a consultant or trainer
- involves an existing work team.
What is Organizational Development (OD)? What are its steps?
1. Employees learning that a change needs to occur
2. The specific form of the change has to be determined
3. Implementation of the change
4. New ways of operating must be consolidated and become part of the accepted way people operate
What is management by objectives (MBO)? What are its five steps?
1. Top officials set goals for the entire organization
2. Managers are trained to set goals
3. Supervisors hold goal-setting meetings with subordinates
4. All employees work to achieve their goals
5. Goal attainment is evaluated
What is survey feedback?
What is T-Group? What are the two reasons that it's not popular nowadays?
1. Although individuals can be positively affected by the experience, there is typically either no effect or negative effects on the workplace
2. It can be very much like psychotherapy, there have been reports of individuals being hurt and upset by it
What are Organizational Theories? What are the two types?
1. Descriptive theories explain how existing organizations work.
2. Prescriptive theories indicate how organizations should operate.
What is Theory X/Theory Y? What is Theory Z?
Theory X: respresent the conventional view of the manager's role and the nature of subordinates. (hard approach and soft approach)
Theory Y: preferred management view.
Theory Z assumes that long-term employment is the basis of effective organizations.
What is Open System Theory?
1. Import energy (hire people)
2. Transorm energy (make products)
3. Output products (sell products)
4. Cycle of events (work shifts)
5. Escape entropy (stay profitable)
6. Input information (do a market survey)
7. Homeostasis (Balance the annual budget)
8. Specialization (create specialized job titles)
9. Coordination and integration (supervise employees)
10. Equifinality (there are many effective ways to run an organization)
What is Sociotechnical Systems Theory? What are two principles? What are two advantages?
1. Joint optimization: the idea that the social and technological systems should be designed to fit one another as well as possible.
2. Unit control of variances: concerns who handles work problems when they arise.
Advantages:
- there has been a worldwide trend toward downsizing organizations by trimming the size of management staffs. With fewer managers, individual employees will have to work more independently
- organizations today find themselves in a rapidly changing environment that requires the flexibility to adapt to changing demands.
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