Summary: Intensive Dairy Production Systems In An Urban Landscape, The Dutch Situation

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  • How is livestock production in the Netherlands characterized?

    - By high stocking density for all types of farm animals
    - High animal productivity
    - High grass and forage production levels
    - High levels of fertilizations
    - High inputs and imports of agro-industral by products
    - High population density
  • Since when has the environmental impact of the livestock sector under debate?

    Sunce the early 1980's 
  • What is the more recent debate on the livestock sector?

    - Animal welfare
    - Natural animal behavior
    - Visibility
    - Transparancy
    - Environmental impact
    - Greenhouse gas emissions
    - External land use
  • What are the main environmental/social challanges for the livestock sector in the Netherlands?

    - Water quality
    - Air quality
    - Conservation of excisting landscapes and natural ecosystems
    - Cattle welfare issues
  • What progress has been made adressing the environmental challenges?

    - NO3 from 150 mg per liter to 70 mg per liter
    - NH3 from 125,000 to about 60,000 t NH3 per year
    - Total GHG emmission dropped about 20%
  • In which ways works the strong interaction between researchers and farmers?

    - New techniques and options can be tested in practice
    - The innovational capacity of farmers can be exploited and facilitated 
    - The cost effectiveness of mitigation
  • What are the two approaches to improve dairy production systems?

    - Prevent trade offs at the level of individual animals and plants, herds and crops, fields, farms and even regions
    - To combine fundemental strategic research with applied and intergrated research
  • What are the three causal factors of methanogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract?

    - The amount of organic matter fermented
    - The efficiency of microbial growth
    - The amount and type of volatile fatty acids and the amount of hydrogen produced
  • What effects the enteric CH4 emmision?

    - Cow performance
    - Feed intake
    - Nutritional factors
  • How was ammonia emmision reduced?

    - By a shift in manura applications
    - Low emmision housing systems
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