Summary: Intensive Dairy Production Systems In An Urban Landscape, The Dutch Situation
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How is livestock production in the Netherlands characterized?
- By high stocking density for all types of farm animals
- High animal productivity
- High grass and forage production levels
- High levels of fertilizations
- High inputs and imports of agro-industral by products
- High population density -
Since when has the environmental impact of the livestock sector under debate?
Sunce the early 1980's -
What is the more recent debate on the livestock sector?
- Animal welfare
- Natural animal behavior
- Visibility
- Transparancy
- Environmental impact
- Greenhouse gas emissions
- External land use -
What are the main environmental/social challanges for the livestock sector in the Netherlands?
- Water quality
- Air quality
- Conservation of excisting landscapes and natural ecosystems
- Cattle welfare issues -
What progress has been made adressing the environmental challenges?
- NO3 from 150 mg per liter to 70 mg per liter
- NH3 from 125,000 to about 60,000 t NH3 per year
- Total GHG emmission dropped about 20% -
In which ways works the strong interaction between researchers and farmers?
- New techniques and options can be tested in practice
- The innovational capacity of farmers can be exploited and facilitated
- The cost effectiveness of mitigation -
What are the two approaches to improve dairy production systems?
- Prevent trade offs at the level of individual animals and plants, herds and crops, fields, farms and even regions
- To combine fundemental strategic research with applied and intergrated research -
What are the three causal factors of methanogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract?
- The amount of organic matter fermented
- The efficiency of microbial growth
- The amount and type of volatile fatty acids and the amount of hydrogen produced -
What effects the enteric CH4 emmision?
- Cow performance
- Feed intake
- Nutritional factors -
How was ammonia emmision reduced?
- By a shift in manura applications
- Low emmision housing systems
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