National income accounting and the balance of payments - National Income Accounting for an Open Economy

5 important questions on National income accounting and the balance of payments - National Income Accounting for an Open Economy

Fundamental identity for closed economies

Y=C+I+G. (Y= GNP)

National income identity for an open economy

Y=C+I+G+EM-IM

IIP (Net International Investment Position)

Difference between country's claims on foreigners and liabilities to them. (Nation's stock of net foreign wealth.)
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Savings in an open economy

S=I+CA
An open economy can save either by building up its capital stock or by acquiring foreign wealth, but a closed economy can save only by building up its capital stock.

Government budget deficit

G-T.
It measures the extent to which the government is borrowing to finance its expenditures.

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