The Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1949-2014
26 important questions on The Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1949-2014
What are the four Arab-Israeli wars discussed in this chapter?
What did Israel do after the First Arab-Israeli war?
What did the Arab States do after the war?
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In 1952 king Farouk of Egypt was overthrown what happend and why was it of importance?
Israel welcomed the changes in Egypt and saw a window of opportunity in the search for peach -> secret negotiations. But, they were not successful
The negotiation failed, an important event is the 1954 Lavon affair. What did this entail?
What was the consequence of the Lavon affair?
What was Egypt's reaction?
While the Egyption-Israeli tension were increasing, Egypt's relation with th West also detoriated. Why?
Britain: believed that Nasser was turning Arab states against the West and thus threatened its position.
US: had doubts about the Czech arms deal -> Egypt could slide into the communist camp. Therefor the US decided to cancel its funding of the Aswan Dam
What were the Casus belli for different countries?
Israel: Closure of the Straits of Tiran in September 1955. Israel wanted to show its strenght through retaliation and Ben Gurian wanted to change the status quo in the Middle East.
How did the Suez-Sinai campaign evolve?
How did the Suez Crisis end?
Britain and France lost influence and a power vacuum was filled by the US and the USSR. A next war was just a matter of time.
What are the long-term consequences of the June War?
- Arab state's belief that they could defeat Israel if sufficiently armed.
What are different explanations of the June war?
- it was due to Israel's quest for hegemony and territory.
- Nasser is to blame.
- It is the result of American-Soviet manipulation.
How did the Six-Day war evolve?
There was a lack of co-ordination between Arab states, so Israel could defeat Egypt, Jordan and Syria.
What was the outcome of the Six-Day war?
It discredited the Arab leaders and notions of Arab unity and let to many refugees.
The gap between Israel and Arab states was widened.
What were the consequences of the June War in Arab states?
- economic problems -> change and ideological reorientation (political Islam and economic and political liberazation).
What was the response of the Arab states in the ongoing conflict?
2. Further militarization: seek strategic parity and a military solution. e.g. Syria.
3. Neither pursue open confrontation nor official negotiation. e.g. Jordan and Lebanon.
What was the cause of the 1973 war?
Sadat wanted to distance himself from Nasser and to improve the economy. Peace with Israel would make Egypt regain the Sinai. 1971: Sadat offered to open the Suez Canal, to declare a cease-fire and to start negotiations.
Israel rejected: new boundaries were vital for its security.
Solution of Sadat: an attack on Israel to break the attitude of Israel.
How did the 1973 october war start?
How did the 1973 october war evolve?
Israel was only able to drive back the Arab forces due to US aid.
What was the outcome of the 1973 war?
-Egyptian confidence had grown and Israel was shaken.
- The power gap was sufficiently closed to bring both sides to the negotiating table.
- 1979: Arab-Israeli peace treaty on the basis of land for peace.
What was the consequence of the 1979 peace treaty
- Egyptian-Israeli relations improved
- Israeli-Syrian relations escalated into an arms race.
What triggered israel's plans for invasion in lebanon?
After this Operation peace for Galilee was launched
What were Israel's actual claims in the 1982 Lebanon War?
- Create a new political order in Lebanon by establishing a Maronite(christian) government under Gemayel.
- Expulsion of Syrian groups
- destruction of Palestinian nationalism in the West bank and Gaza strip
What is the 'Roadmap for peace'?
What was the result of the Roadmap?
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