C. Non-quantitative research methods

22 important questions on C. Non-quantitative research methods

What are the characteristics of quantitative research?

1. Large sample size
2. Limited probing questions
3. Interview with few special skills or no interviewer at all
4. Statistical and summation analysis
5. Hardware: questionnaires, computers, print-outs, mobile devices
6. High degree of replicability
7. Descriptive/causal research
8. Training in statistics, decision models, decision support systems, computer programming and marketing research

Why is qualitative research populair?

1. Less costly than quantitative research
2. Helps to understand in-depth feelings and motivations of target group
3. Can increase efficiency of quantitative research

What is the concept that describes the interaction among people in a focus group?

Group dynamics
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Why are focus groups used more by consumer good firms than industrial firms?

It is too expensive for industrial firms as it requires the presence of experts

What is a focus group discussion guide?

States which topics should be covered during the group and in which order. Research objectives and client info should be basis of guide.

What is instant analysis?

When the moderator debriefs after the series of focus group has finished. Combines the moderator's view with that of the marketing specialists.

What are the trends in focus groups?

1. Use of video transmissions
2. Use of focus group panels (respondents participate in series of interviews on topic)
3. Using marketing professionals as respondents

What are the advantages of focus groups?

1. Interactions can stimulate new ideas and thoughts
2. Group pressure leads to realistic thinking
3. Opportunity to observe customers without them knowing it
4. Faster than using other techniques
5. Results are easier to understand

What are the disadvantages of focus groups?

1. Managers can be misled by the immediacy and seeming understandability of the results of a focus group
2. Recruiting the right respondents is hard
3. Moderator should not show behaviour that may lead to prejudice responses
4. Dominant respondent might sway other (introvert) respondents

What is individual depth interview?

Qualitative research method in which one-on-one interviews are used to probe and elicit detailed answers to questions. It is relatively unstructured.

Why are IDIs preferred over focus groups?

1. Eliminate group pressure
2. Respondent feels they are the focus
3. Heightened state of awareness
4. New direction of questions can be improvised easily
5. New info is revealed when longer time is devoted

Why are focus groups preferred over IDIs?

1. Less costly
2. Higher degree of client involvement
3. Enable involvement of more people per day
4. Less exhausting for moderator
5. Obtain reactions that would not have been gotten through IDI

What are the different types of respondents?

1. Digresser - cannot stay on topic
2. Withholder - answers questions shortly
3. Ruminator - spends a lot of time thinking about question before answering it

How do you solve the problem with digressers?

Ask them diplomatically to answer the questions briefly and to the point.

How do you solve the problem with withholders?

Probe and encourage them to explain their answers in more detail

How do you solve the problem with ruminators?

Explain that time is limited and that there are a lot of questions that need to be answered

What is hermeneutic research?

Qualitative research technique that states that interpretation which follows from conversation is key to understanding the customer. There are no predetermined questions, they arise spontaneously from the conversation

What is the Delphi method?

Rounds of individual data collected from knowledgeable people. Responses are aggregated and then given feedback on anonymously
Key characteristics:
- Anonymity
- Iteration
- Feedback
- Aggregation of group responses

What is a projective test?

Tries to find out what the true meanings, motivations and feelings behind a respondents answer are.

What are the most used projective tests?

1. Analogies - Comparing two items in terms of similarities
2. Word association test - answering what comes to mind first
3. Personification - comparing product to a person
4. Cartoon test - fill in dialogue of 2 or more characters
5. Sentence and story completion tests - finishing sentences with own words
6. Consumer drawings - draw what respondent feels or what they think an object is like
7. Photo sorts - connecting people in pictures to brand that they would use
8. Storytelling - stories about experiences with a plot, conflict, surprise and lesson
9. Third person technique - asking to answer for a third party

What are the 2 rationales of qualitative research?

1. Criteria and evaluations made by consumers in purchase decisions have emotional and subconscious components
2. Such content is externated through indirect communicative techniques 
As long as these two rationales are true, demand for qualitative research will be present

What went wrong in the blind taste test of Coca Cola?

1. Blind testing removes expectation that people have of brands, but this is very important
2. Coke holds symbolic and social value that blind tests are not capable of capturing
3. People are resistant to change
4. Test may have been designed poorly (e.g. small sip taste good but large quantities don't)

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