Nutrition and Health
14 important questions on Nutrition and Health
There are five stages of the nutrition transition. What are these stages?
- Paleolithic man/Hunter-gather
- Settlements begin/monoculture period/famine emerges
- Industrialization/reducing famine
- NCDs
- Desired societal/behavioral change
What are the three health transitions?
- Demographic transition
- Epidemiological transition
- Nutrition transition
What is the demographic transition?
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What is the epidemiological transition?
What are the manifestations of undernutrition?
- Anthropometric deficits (length, weight, head circumference)
- Altered body composition (body fat/lean body mass)
- Low plasma nutrient concentration
- Clinical signs
- Specific impairments
What are the assessments of PEM?
- Weight + length/height
- Middle upper arm circumference (MUAC)
- Skinfolds at tricipital subscapular sites
What are the two types of PEM? What is the difference?
- Marasmus = calorie deficiency
- Kwashiorkor = protein deficiency
Marasmus is more prevalent in children 1-2 years old, kwashiorkor is more prevalent in older kids. Marasmus has the 'skin over bone' appearance and an old man's face.
Kwashiorkor has edema, thin, sparse, discoloured hair, and discoloured patches on the skin.
What is meant with over-nutrition and what are the effects?
- Morbidity (high blood pressure, cholesterol etc. Hip replacements, NCDs)
- Mortality
- Economic (decreased productivity)
What are other nutrition issues?
- Double burden of malnutrition
- Hidden hunger
What is meant with the double burden of malnutrition?
What is hidden hunger?
What are global and national actions to address the burden of malnutrition?
- Addition of food supplements
- Healthy, balanced food promotion
- Promotion of health literacy
- Community strengthening
- Strengthening public systems
- Breast feeding promotion
- Supporting food security (reliable acces)
What is the effect of breastfeeding?
- Improves bond between mother and child
- Offers immune protection of child
- Decreased risk of pneumonia and diarrhea
- More stable weight
- Better maternal health
- Decreased risk of certain cancers
- Stronger bones for the mother
What is the difference between food security and food insecurity?
Food insecurity is a state of chronic, deprived economic or physical access to food, either in quality or quality such that dietary intake fails to meet nutritional needs and support the health of all individuals in a household or community.
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
