Sexual and reproductive health
18 important questions on Sexual and reproductive health
What is the description of sexual health?
- Counseling and care related to sexuality, sexual identity, and sexual relationships
- Services for the prevention and management of STIs, including HIV/AIDS and other diseases of the genitourinary system
- Psychosexual counseling and treatment for sexual dysfunction and disorders
- Prevention and management of cancers of the reproductive system
What is the description of reproductive health?
- Receive accurate information about the reproductive system and the services needed to maintain reproductive health
- Manage menstruation in a hygienic way, in privacy, and with dignity
- Access multisectoral services to prevent and respond to intimate partner violence and other forms of gender-based violence
- Access safe, effective, affordable, and acceptable methods of contraception of their choice
- Access appropriate health-care services to ensure safe and healthy pregnancy and childbirth, and healthy infants
- Access safe abortion services, including post-abortion care
- Access services for prevention, management, and treatment of infertility
What are the three groups (life cycle approach) that apply to sexual and reproductive health?
- Childhood/adolescents/young adults
- Reproductive age
- Post reproductive age
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What are the challenges of childhood/adolescents/young adults regarding sexual and reproductive health?
- Child marriage
- Female genital mutilation (FGM)
- Comprehensive sexual education
- Contraceptive access
- Abortions
- STIs and HIV/AIDS
What are the challenges of the reproductive age regarding sexual and reproductive health?
- Contraceptive access
- Abortion
- Healthcare access
- Maternal mortality
- Violence
What is female genital mutilation (FGM)? What are the four different types?
- Type 1 (clitorectomy): partial or total removal of the clitoris
- Type 2 (excision): partial or total removal of the clitoris and the inner folds of the vulva, with or without excision of the outer folds of skin of the vulva
- Type 3 (infibulation): narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal (sometimes stitching) (MOST DANGEROUS)
- Type 4: all other harmful procedures
What are the immediate risks of FGM?
- Severe pain
- Fever
- Infections
- Problems with wound healing
- Genital tissue swelling
- Urinary problems
- Excessive bleeding
- Injury to surrounding genital tissue
- Shock
- Death
What are the long term consequences of FGM?
- Urinary problems
- Menstrual problems
- Sexual problems
- Increased risk of childbirth complications
- Later surgeries (type 3)
- Psychological problems
What is the impact of child marriage?
What is meant by maternal mortality?
What are examples of direct and indirect maternal mortality?
- Postpartum bleeding
- Complications from unsafe abortions
- Hypertensive disorders or pregnancy
- Postpartum infection
- Obstructed labor
Indirect:
- Malaria
- Anaemia
- HIV/AIDS
- Cardiovascular diseases
Most maternal deaths are preventable and the health-care solutions are well-known. What are these solutions?
- Antenatal care in pregnancy: disorders of mother can be detected, treatment is given and the women won't die because of complications
- Skilled care during child birth
- Care and support in the weeks after child birth (postnatal care)
How can pregnancies defined? Which pregnancies lead to an increased risk of maternal mortality and why does this happen?
- Intended
- Mistimed/unintended
- Unwanted
- Unsafe abortion
- Poor infant health
- Poor infant/child care
Contraceptives are used in Europe, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Northern America by more than 70% of the women that do not want a child. In Middle and Western Africa this is below 25%. What are reasons that this rate is so low?
- Not enough knowledge
- Norms
- No access
- Decision making/power
What groups have a low rate of using contraceptives?
- Adolescents
- Migrants
- Urban slum dwellers
- Refugees
- Women in the postpartum period
How are abortions classified? What are the determinations?
- Safe abortion: health provider using recommended procedures
- Less-safe abortion: health provider not using recommended procedures or recommended procedures but no health provider
- Least-safe abortion: no health provider and not using recommended procedures
What factors do influence sexual and reproductive health outcomes?
- Poverty
- Distance
- Lack of information
- Inadequate services (human resources for health (enough health professionals), health infrastructure)
- Cultural norms and practices
What is meant by the three delays?
- The delay in deciding to seek care
- The delay in identifying and reaching a medical facility
- The delay in receiving appropriate care at health facilities
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
