Structural Realism - Book chapter Maersheimer

5 important questions on Structural Realism - Book chapter Maersheimer

What is the difference between classical realists and structural/neo-realists, according to Maersheimer?

Classical realists believe states want power because of our human nature. Neo-realists believe not human nature, but the anarchic structure of the international system forces states to pursue power.

What are the two types of structural realists, what do they differ on and name a writer?

Defensive (Waltz) and Offensive (Mearsheimer) realists. They differ on how much power is enough. Defensive = don't maximize, the system will punish too much power. Offensive = maximize power to ensure survival.

What is the defensive realism stance on maximizing power in the defensive/offensive debate in structural realism and why?

Maximizing power is bad, because:
  1. Balancing (offensive critique: buck-passing);
  2. Offence-defence balance;
  3. The costs outweigh the benefits.
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What do offensive and defensive realists in structural realism agree on?

  • Nuclear weapons have little utility for offensive purposes, except when only one side of the conflict has them.
  • Both emphasize survival as an important objective of states.

Which type of realism theorizes international relations as distinct from domestic politics?

Structural realism

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