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The Origins of the Cold War (1944-1949)

34 important questions on The Origins of the Cold War (1944-1949)

What are Marx his communist phases?

Marx determinism > history has a certain logic: social/class struggle. 3 big stages: development of agriculture > control of economy etc. Industrial revolution > take-over of the state by capitalists, supresses labours. Communist revolution:

What was the first communist recvolution ? And why do they need to expand?

first state where this happens is Russia, a very industrialized country, all other communist parties are subject to the Sviet one, they need to expand for ideologist reasons but also for pragmatic reasons

What is the truman docterine

Truman doctrine: short term occasion = Greece, after WWII civil war in Greece, they expected that Stalin was supporting Greece but it was Tito, US intervenes. Primary objections foreign politics: work out conditions.

Truman doctrine = when you are a democracy and you are attacked by a totalitarian regime, we will defend you

Was stalin impressed by the atomic bomb?

Atomic bomb: Truman overestimates the usefulness of the atomic bomb > 1. Stalin was impressed but he didn’t show it, show no fear, 2. Stalin knows that the US will only use atomic weapons in WWIII.

Where does the truman docterine turn its back to?

Truman doctrine is the beginning of the turning back of the American withdrawal from Europe.

How does stalin react to the marshall plan?

Stalin reacts by closer cooperation between the Soviet occupation zone in Germany and satellites.

Wht was the idea behind the marshall plan?

Marshall help: fear of Western European countries becoming communist

What is churchills idea for germany

Churchill’s idea: revive the German economy, revive it as a strong democratic ally and revive its military power > the only way to make Western Europe defensible: unite the economies: foundation EGKS 1951.

Unify the thre geman occupiatrion zones?

Unify the three Western occupation zones in the BRD > Stalin DDR. 1951: BRD becomes part of the EGKS. 1

What is the brussels defence pact, and what bestond hieruit?

1948: Brussels defence pact: some Western countries make a little NATO, without Germany, in 1949 US joins that pact and it becomes NATO.

What does the national secrutiy resolution say?

National Security Resolution 68: strategy that says that the goal is to defend the Western hemisphere and some other key areas in the world

To what did the divison of europe led?

1948-1950: Europe is divided in two, these are the battle lines for the rest of the Cold War

Why does north korea atack south korea?

. 1950: North-Korea risks an attack on the South-Korea because it thinks it can get away with it because they think they have the support of Mao.

What was the deal between Chang-kai shek and roosevelt in wwii

Chang kai shek wanted to play the barbarians off to each other. Japansese were occuping china and us helped against japan. After that there would be a civil war with the communist, roosevelt was angry that chinese didnt do enough and pushed them. Chng kai wanted to play the barbarians off to each other. And wasnt considred a great power and invited to the summit but roosevelt met him in cairo. and forced him to take action under sthill.russia stepped in

What happend tp the chang kai shek government?

Communists win the Chinese Civil war and the Chang Kai-shek government flees to the island of Taiwan. SU held off helping North-Korea and China, the US gave them the indication they would do nothing. : they withdrew their troops from South-Korea (motivation for North-Korea to end SouthKorean independence),

Ow did the truman docterine change and fail?

the Truman Doctrine had to be narrowed down to areas that counted (Western Europe and North-Eastern Asia). Truman government failed by letting China become communist, but it’s not important and we could work with the Chinese.

Why would a comunist china be a problem for stalin?

If China becomes communist it would be a problem for Stalin, he wouldn’t be the only leader in the communist world, bigger problem for the SU to have China as an ally.

Why wasnt the north korean war vetod?

North-Korean act of aggression against South-Korea. Convict North-Korea and China as aggressors, protect countries of NorthKorean aggression (UN), SU didn’t use their veto because they were boycotting the UN SC and China Gedownload door Esmee De Koning (esmay100@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|5097417 because the permanent seat was taken by the Taiwan government

What were big political moments for the korean war?

Big political moment of the Korean war: 1. we stop, apply the doctrine of self-defence: an enemy attacked, we fought them back, we stop. 2. we have to push them back further, US promised they would not attack China, 300.000 counter invasion by Chinese soldiers. 3. nuclear bomb Chin

How was truman on foriegn policy and how well did roosevelt inform him?

Truman needed to solve it he was hesitant. He was not experienced in foreign policy. but he was in politics for decades, he knew a lot about it, he was in alot of committees. Roosevelt did not inform truman. But Roosevelt didn't have time because he was sick. He wanted truman to become president.

What happend in potsdam?

Potsdam is where the big three meet again.

Why didnt russia take too much land?

Iranian crisis, sovjets refused to give back. us showed teeth sovjets go back. Stalin tried to see how far he could get, he wanted to secure as much as he could get. But doesnt want a complete break down of the ties with the us because there is still money flowing. He needs the west

WHAT IS THE END OF HISTORY ACCORDING TO MARX

Marx says the workers and a social revolution would take place and they take over the means of production. This is not the end of history then you have control of law and state. The labor class controls the state and the need to fence off another evolution by the former capitalist or the capitalist around you. Marx is very vague about the end of history. This will only be reached when everyone wants to be farmers etc,when they embrace the control of means of production.

How do the marxist russians see int. Laws?

If law is a reflection of political power relations, it is ideology. so int. The law is not neutral. Lenin's view is that it is capitalist law. The soviet union rejects i

What is the fp of communist russia?

Socialism in a country is that a world revolution should take place in the world but it is not the main goal because the own land is the priority. Instrumentally you need to do what is necessary as long as it strengthens the socialist russia. So they make connections with Hitler etc. But also breaks them when they need to.

Every country like Poland should accept Russia because their communism is more advanced.

When was the breakdown of trust?

1946-1947

What were major events in 1946
?

A major event is the 1946 speech by churchill. He spoke about the cold war. In greek there was a civil war between communist (supported by tito) stalin was against it. 1946 is very important democratic party loses.they massively lose. Roosevelt new deal is off, and truman wants to win 1948 elections. He is blamed he makes too much concession to the sovjets by the republicans.

What is agreed in paris and how do the elections look?

In paris there are negotiations, the allies take key position about germany. They allow democratic elections on local level in germany in the zones.

Who led the german elections for the cdu and what was his outlook?

Konrad adenauer CDU led the elections, he did not collaborate with the nazis. He didn't want to be unified under soviet voorwaarden but remained divided under western protection. we rather stay divided than be unified. but after years the division might have become permanent uk and us joined their zones economically. The French joined later.

What did us and europe realise after in 1948

In 1948 there was a coup in Prague.The Truman and EU governments started to understand they needed to draw a line.

The occupation zones failed and what happend in germany?

They led the West Germans to a conference to write a constitution. Paris failed.the occupation zone becomes a state it is not yet a sovereign state.the federal germany was temporary you can see this in the word grundgesetz instead of fassung. sovjet part became the DDR. They considered themselves a permanent state. there were three germans west, east and germany empire, which was represented by the four powers.

What is voted on the support to greek civil war in congress?

Marshall is the architect of Roosevelt's war machine,. marshall brings Kennen in. they vote in parliament to support greek in congress. The kennan telegram is used in the Truman doctrine.

What does truman say about defending democracy

Truman says a western democracy whenever a government based on that is threatened by a minority or outside pressure. Like money coming forming another regime. The US will step in. they will protect these regimes. it is opposite from the adams views.

What is the weakness of the truman docterine?

a problem is they just doesnt use it against democratic states but also vietnam etc. it had more weaknesses it was a bad strategy. you leave it to the enemy to test you. if you don't act your credibility is destroyed

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International Security in historical perspective

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