Global Value Chains
18 important questions on Global Value Chains
What are key themes in Vertical alliances: Dyads (buyer-supplier relations)?
* Trust-control
* Power-dependence
* Long-term partnerships
* Relational learning
What are key themes in (Multi-tier) Supply Chain?
•Managing supply risks
•Improving supply chain responsiveness
•Managing indirect supplier relations
What are key themes in supplier networks?
•Managing network positions, bridging “structural holes”
•Improving network competitiveness (network vs. network competition)
•Structural embeddednness
•Managing horizontal supplier- supplier relations
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What is a global value chain?
How can GVC be upgraded?
As end markets shifts to emerging markets more and more value migrates from the final product manufacturer to component suppliers (GVC upgrading)
What does The Global Value Chain framework do?
depicts how the coordination and control of global-scale production systems can be achieved without direct ownership (Gereffi, 2005)
Look at the functional upgrading example within the apparel industry
What is the 'chain liability effect?
“A company is no more sustainable than its supply chain”*
MNEs are increasingly facing the challenge to secure sustainability standards beyond the boundaries of their firms
“Chain liability effect”
What are the two shifts in the world economy that have led to “global value chain governance”? Gereffi et al. (2005)
Which are the two characteristics of the Transaction Cost theory mentioned in the text that explain whether firms organize global production on markets or in hierarchies? Gereffi et al. (2005)
(2)The extent to which they involve investments specific to a particular transaction - asset specificity
Do highly complex and asset-specific transaction always need to result in vertical integration? Gereffi et al. (2005)
You could also choose relational even though they are highly complex
If you limit opportunism through repeated transaction
Is spatial proximity a prerequisite for building interorganizational trust? Gereffi et al. (2005)
Explain the three factors that constitute the theory of global value chain governance. Gereffi et al. (2005)
A.The complexity of information and knowledge transfer required to sustain a particular transaction, particularly with respect to product and process specifications;
B.the extent to which this information and knowledge can be codified and, therefore, transmitted efficiently and without transaction-specific investment between the parties to the transaction; and
C.the capabilities of actual and potential suppliers in relation to the requirements of the transaction.
Complex: when it has a lot of specifications. Codifiable; to what extend can I codify the information
Why were Zara and Benetton long considered “the exception to globalization”? Tokatli (2008)
Reason: Cheap labor, lower production costs.
Zara and Benetton, which are/were ‘retailers with factories’, were defying the force of globalization, as they kept manufacturing activities in industrialized countries (=Spain and Italy; home countries). Reason: market flexibility and lean inventories are more important
What is “fast fashion” and what are its prerequisites? Tokatli (2008)
In general: they ship fewer pieces, greater variety of styles, more often.
Requires: shorter lead times, high-level flexibility à increased speed, flexibility and responsiveness of supply chain à requires greater integration of the supply chain
Track sales on real-time level.
Which two developments tilted production of fashion towards, rather than away from, low-wage suppliers in partly industrialized countries? Tokatli (2008)
(1)Due to technological developments in the 1990s, Firms from countries such as China, Marocco, Turkey acquired the competence to manufacture the high quality clothing with required flexibility. + skilled tailors.
Transformation in consumer behavior: consumers are turning into their own stylists and are in charge of their own image, combining designer clothes, with cheap clothes from fast fashion, etc.
Which is the last value creation step Chinese and Turkish fashion brands need to master in order to fully outcompete the traditional European brands? Tokatli (2008)
China and Turkey already have started setting up their own brands (parallel productions). Once they master the trend spotting/development, the ‘game will be over’
What are indications that Zara is probably not an “exception to globalization” anymore today? Tokatli (2008)
Since 2000s only half of the clothing sold was actually manufactured at home.
Or as they claim: 64% at home and neighboring countries (=also Turkey, Marocco?), 34% in Asia.
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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- Never study anything twice again
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- 100% sure, 100% understanding
