Motor control - Lesions

6 important questions on Motor control - Lesions

How do 1st motor lesions arise?

Cerebral haemorrhage, infarction, trauma to spinal cord

What is the result of a 1st motor lesion?

No more voluntary control (paresis/paralysis)
Less local inhibition (spastic paresis/paralysis)
Less inhibition of reflexes (hyperreflexia and Babinski)

What is damaged by a 1st motor lesion?

1st motor neuron or corticobulbospinal tract
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How does a 2nd motor lesion arise?

Motorcycle accidents or poliomyelitis (polio)

What is damaged by a 2nd motor lesion?

2nd motor neurons, ventral root or peripheral nerve

What is the consequence of a 2nd motor lesion?

No more voluntary control (paresis/paralysis)
  • loss of control (alpha and gamma motor neurons interrupted)
  • no spasms (muscle fibers relax completely)
Loss of innervation
  • Denervated muscle fibers will first atrophy, then degenerate 


--> symptoms always ipsilateral to the lesion

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