Limbic system and development - Synaptic plasticity
16 important questions on Limbic system and development - Synaptic plasticity
What is axongenesis and synaptogenesis?
How do axons 'know' where to grow?
It is also important when the neuron is generated (how long exposed to morphogen), because they are not generated at the same time: neurogenetic gradients. The different neuronal fates result from the interplay of these gradients (there are a lot more! Axonogenetic, synaptogenetic, neurotropic etc).
--> but also many external influences: temp, left/right sleeping etc
--> eventually this leads to a fairly correctly but imprecisely wired brain (way to big, too many neurons and too many connections)
How is the network of the brain optimized?
Synaptic pruning
Axonal pruning
Neuronal pruning
--> most are eliminated during first year, rest takes +- 20 years
--> local synaptic pruning continuous throughout life
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What are aspects of synaptic plasticity?
What is Hebbian learning?
coincides = samenvallen met
What is the difference between learning and memory?
Memory = the resulting new state of the brain
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What are the coloured areas?
--> upper posterior parietal cortex
Green = symbolic system, also under influence of the visual, auditory and somatosensory cortex.
--> lower posterior parietal cortex
What is the function of the symbolic system?![]()
Which two types of receptors are present at the synapse?
NMDA = voltage gated
How do AMPA receptors work? (synapse)
How do NMDA receptors work? (synapse)
What is the long term potentiation and what effectuates this?
For synapse modification the succes of synapses must be measured, how does this work?
Due to opening of the NMDA receptors there is a Ca2+ influx. What does this activate?
Furthermore, it activates calcium-calmodulin-dependent PKII. This leads to insertion of more AMPA receptors in the membrane and also to the formation of new synapses.
--> so, eventually, Ca2+ influx leads to better channels, more channels and more synapses
There are two types of fibers in the cerebellum, which two?
climbing fibers activation -> depolarization and increase of [Ca2+]
Parallel fiber activation -> provides glutamate
If both climbing and parallel fibers are active, DAG and [Ca2+] increases and activate PKC, what is the effect of PKC in the cerebellum?
--> happens only when both climbing and parallel fibers are activated!
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