Motor control - Reflexes
19 important questions on Motor control - Reflexes
Which 3 reflexes exist?
2. Inverse myotatic reflex (stretch sensor)
3. Nociceptive reflex (pain sensor)
What is the problem with stretch sensors? And how is this solved?
Solution: stretch sensors are attached to the muscle fiber and this muscle fiber will adapt the length of the sensor to the changes in length of the entire muscle
Which motor neuron innervates the intrafusal muscle fibers (stretch sensors)
--> part of the motor neuron pool
--> separate y motor neuron classes for tonic and phasic stretch receptors
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What is the function of the y motor neuron?
What is α/γ coactivation?
What if the α-motor neurons decrease activity?
2. Passive elongation along entire spindle = sensor lengthens too
3. Y-motor neuron decreases activity
4. Active relaxation of intrafusal muscle to compensate
When does compensation with the y-motor neurons happen?
--> gamma loop
What happens at the same time when the stretch sensor signals?
--> via inhibitory interneuron (projection to the alpha motor neuron is direct)
--> Sherrington's law of reciprocal innervation
What is a monosynaptic reflex?
What is the difference between the inverse myotatic and myotatic reflex?
- in series with muscle fibers
- bisynaptic
- present in tendon (Golgi tendon organ) --> very hard to stretch tendon fibers
- causes relaxation of muscle fibers (and excitation of antagonist)
- projects to alpha and gamma motor neuron
myotatic
- parallel with muscle fibers
- monosynaptic
- present in muscle
- causes contraction of muscle fibers (and inhibition of antagonist)
- projects to alpha neuron
What is the function of the inverse myotatic reflex?
What is the function of the myotatic reflex?
What happens if the stretch sensor of the inverse myotatic reflex is activated?
At the same time, the antagonist is excited through an excitatory interneuron (Sherrington's law)
Is the myotatic or inverse myotatic reflex more sensitive?
Where are the nociceptive reflex sensors (pain sensors) located?
--> free nerve endings with nociceptors
What is characteristic for the nociceptive reflex?
--> moves one limb and also activates the other limb!
--> multisynaptic
--> bilateral
What is supraspinal control?
Where is the central pattern generator useful for?
What is the function of direct supraspinal control?
most supraspinal control is indirect (interneurons)
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