Summary: Introduction To Business
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Technology & Innovation, bridging science, business and society
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What happens in the niche level (micro level)?
- New ideas for innovations are developed by researchers and technologists
- Concept is invented: object gets a purpose
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What is the definition of a product concept?
The understanding of the product in order to showcase the best qualities of the product, including- What problem can be solved, for what user, in what situation, compared to existing products
- Costs and benefits company
- Implications for marketing, after sale etc.
- Scientific-technological characteristics
- Data on functionality, safety, side effects, sustainability
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What is the goal of the R&D department in a company?
Undertakes activities to develop new or improved products (innovation) -
What does the technology readiness levels (TRL) estimate?
The maturity of a technology in development -
What is an example in how technology is a societal power in communication?
Phone and internet determine our communication -
When is an innovation in a lock-in situation?
Technologies are connected to- Rules
- Societal parties
- Intrastructures (railway, cars, electricity, gas)
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Technology doesn't always push and change, give 4 reasons
Conservatism- Technology itself is conservative (lock in)
- Scientists/technologists are skeptical
- Companies are skeptical
- Government is skeptical
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What kind of resistance towards innovations comes from companies?
- Incompability: structure/culture of company is not aligned
- Lack of experience
- Expensive (R&D)
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What are easier ways for companies to innovate?
- Imitation
- Buying start-ups
- Joint-ventures (senseo)
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Give the 6 steps of the market pull system
- Societal demand
- Market research
- Technological research (/ fundamental research)
- Product development
- Market introduction
- Societal use
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