Globalisation, Business Cooperation and Integration
22 important questions on Globalisation, Business Cooperation and Integration
How does globalisation work on an economic level?
How does globalisation work on a cultural level?
How does globalisation work on a political level?
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What effect does globalisation have on an environmental level?
What effect does globalisation have in an organisational context?
New structures and cultures are integrated to adapt to social changes.
How does globalisation impact strategy?
What are the 5 elements of globalisation?
2. Liberalisation (creation of free markets, making information widely available)
3. Universalisation (Process of standardisation due to regulatory structures)
4. Westernisation (dominance of western culture, especially from the USA)
5. Deterritorialisation (national boundaries are becoming less important --> the distinct feature of globalisation)
What is the difference between outsourcing and off-shoring?
What are reasons for a company to start off-shore outsourcing?
What do the terms home country and host country refer to?
What is a global factory?
What are the key features of a global factory?
- ICT: Allows for low global communication costs and for better information flows and better control over processes
- Access to cheap (unskilled) labour
What is a modular system of production?
What is the global value chain?
What are the 2 types of global value chains?
2. Buyer-driven chains - Companies set up shop in low-wage countries to mass-produce cheap products that are later branded
What 3 types of supply chains are there?
2. Captive chains - Small supplies depend on powerful large buyers
3. Relational chains - Main and supplier have a relationship based on trust, that creates synergy and teaches them to become mutually flexible
What is a multinational corporation?
What are the characteristics of a MNC (multinational corporation)?
2. FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) for ownership and overseas operations purposes
3. Controlled globally networked supply chain and systems of production
4. Strong management presence overseas
5. Centrally designed global strategy
6. Spread of management ideas and practises
What are the main reasons for development of MNCs?
2. Access to (cheaper) raw materials - through vertical integration and acquisition of firms
3. Need for new markets
4. Protection against competition owing to expansions
5. Need for reducing costs (low-cost labor, low-cost rent, etc.)
6. Avoid import controls and tariff barriers
7. Help control organisational structure
Why is it appealing for companies to join in a joint-venture or strategic alliance?
What are the problems of a joint venture?
2. Capability - skills/assets that one company brings to the other needs to live up to the other's expectations
3. Compatibility - e.g. do the management styles mix?
4. Commitment - if it lasts long enough to ensure success of the venture
5. Control and dominance - should a firm try to get the upper hand
6. Measuring performance outcomes - both might have had different reasons to engage in the venture
What types of mergers are there?
2. Vertical mergers - Firms that work at different but related levels in production and marketing of the product (e.g. Computer company acquires software company)
3. Conglomerate mergers - Between firms in completely different industry, usually because of the firms great (financial) potential.
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