Product and promotion: Creating and communicating value

28 important questions on Product and promotion: Creating and communicating value

What is a product?

Anything that an organisation offers to satisfy consumer needs and wants, including both goods and services.

What 4 qualities do most services embody?

1. Intangibility (not touchable)
2. Inseparability (buyer of service can't be separated from service giver)
3. Variability (service quality varies depending on service giver)
4. Perishability (can't save places for peak hours)

What are consumer products?

Products purchased for personal use or consumption
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What 3 layers does a product have?

1. Core benefit - satisfies the needs, reason why you buy it
2. The actual product - the physical good/service that provides the core benefit
3. The augmented product - additional goods and services, such as insurance, etc.

What are the consumer product categories?

1. Convenience products - inexpensive goods that are bought often and without much consideration. e.g. shampoo, candy bars, etc.
2. Shopping products - more expensive products that are bought less frequently. Distribution is widespread, but more selective. e.g. cars, computers, etc.
3. Speciality products - Very expensive products that you almost never buy. Highly selective distribution. e.g. branded jewelry, high-end sports cars, etc.
4. Unsought products - goods/services that hold little interest for consumers. Aggressive promotion to garner consumer interest. e.g. blood donation, prepaid burial plots, etc.

What is product differentiation?

The attributes that make a good or service different from other products that compete to meet the same or similar customer needs.

What is product consistency?

How reliably a product delivers its promised level of quality.

What is a product line?

A group of products that are closely related to each other, either in terms of how they work, or the customers they serve.

What is a brand?

A product's identity. Includes the name but also the logo, reputation, image, etc. that sets it apart from other players in the same category.

What is brand equity?

The overall value of a brand to an organisation (what customers are willing to spend extra to buy that brand)

What are line extensions?

Similar products offered under the same brand name, e.g. lays chips in different flavours

What 4 categories do brand names usually fall in?

1. Location based - area of service or origin, e.g. American Airlines
2. Founder's name - McDonald's, Ford
3. Descriptive/functional - what does the product do, e.g. Subway, eBay
4. Evocative - communicates an engaging image that resonates with consumers, e.g. Yahoo!, Apple, Starbucks

What is brand extension?

A new product, in a new category, introduced under an existing brand name. e.g. Virgin planes and Virgin phones

What is the pitfall of licensing?

If the licensed products are of low product, consumers will hit back at core brand rather than producer of product.

What are national brands?

A.k.a. Manufacturers' brands. Brands that the producer owns and markets.

What are store brands?

A.k.a. Private-label brands. Brands that the retailer both produces and distributes. e.g. fake Oreos.

What are the 5 characteristics of a product that affect the rate of adoption and diffusion?

1. Observability - How visible is a product to other potential customers? E.g. car is easily visible
2. Trialability - How easy can a product be sampled? e.g. food taste booths in supermarket
3. Complexity - can customers understand how it works?
4. Compatibility - how does the product fit in your lifestyle?
5. Relative advantage - how much better are the benefits of the product in comparison to other products?

In what ways can you make a product life cycle last as long as possible?

1. Finding new uses for the product
2. Changing the product
3. Changing the marketing mix

What is integrated market communication?

The coordination of market messages through every promotional vehicle to communicate a unified impression about a product. e.g. when a product gets very bad and very good reviews, people will be hesitant to buy it and simply move on to the next product.

What is a positioning statement?

A brief statement that articulates how the marketer would like the target market to envision a product relative to the competition.

What are promotion channels?

Specific marketing communication vehicles, such as direct marketing, sales promotion, product placement, etc.

What are the 7 cutting-edge promotional tactics?

1. Internet advertising
2. Social media
3. Native advertising - advertising specifically designed to mimic the user experience into which it is placed. e.g. "suggested" on google
4. Product placement - paid integration of branded products into media
5. Advergaming - video games created as a marketing tool
6. Buzz marketing - active simulation of word-of-mouth, also known as guerrilla marketing and viral marketing
7. Sponsorships - deep association between marketer and a partner, which involves promotion of sponsor for money or paid goods

What are the 4 traditional promotion tactics?

1. Advertising - paid, non-personal communication to influence a target audience with regard to a product or sth else
2. Sales promotion - implementation of short-term programmes that stimulate immediate sales activity. Aimed at either consumers or distributors
3. Public relations - ongoing effort to create positive relationships with firm's different 'publics', such as customers, employees, etc. Aim to generate positive publicity
4. Personal selling - person-to-person presentation of products to potential buyers

What are the 2 categories of sales promotion?

1. Consumer promotion - marketing activities to generate immediate consumer sales
2. Trade promotion - marketing activities that stimulate wholesalers and retailers to push specific products more aggressively over the short term, e.g. through trade shows, parties organised for a certain store, etc.

What are a few consumer promotion tools?

1. Premiums - item that you get for reduced price/free of charge in return for making a purchase
2. Promotional - gifts with advertisements of brand name
3. Samples - reduce risk of trying new product
4. Coupons - offer immediate price reductions
5. Rebates - cashback offers
6. Displays - how product is presented in-store

What is missionary selling?

Promoting goodwill for a company by providing information and assistance to customers.

What are the 6 stages of the sales process?

1. Prospect and qualify - Identifying potential customers and then choosing who are most likely to buy the product.
2. Prepare - What are your prospect's wants and needs? etc.
3. Present - good first impression
4. Handle objections - view objections as opportunities rather than criticism
5. Close sale
6. Follow-up - hold relationships with current customers

What 2 personal selling trends are especially popular right now?

1. Consultative selling - shifting the focus form products to customers.
2. Team selling - uncover needs that go beyond capacity of single salesperson.

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