Summary: Introduction To Epidemiology

Read the summary and the most important questions on Introduction to Epidemiology

• 1 Week 1

• 1.1 PowerPoint maandag

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• What is the flow of epidemiologic reserach?

  1. Start with research question
     
  2. Design occurence relation
  3. Collection of (empirical) data
  4. Data analysis and scientific interpertation

• Formula occurence relation:With example bleeding and asprin

  Outcome = f (determinant | Confounding)
  Example: bleeding = f (asprin)

• What is a study domain?

  • Extend to which knowledge obtained in research may be generalized to another (larger, theoretical, abstract) group of subjects
  • Refers to the generalizability of the observed relation

• Application of TH from DEPTH model:

  Theraputic (prognostic + etiologic) knowledge, what will be the effects of an intervention?

• 1.5 PowerPoint donderdag

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• Name the essential descriptors of a study design/data collection

  1. Time, t=o or t>0
     
  2. Population open or close
  3. Census or sample
  4. Experimental or non-experimental

• In non-experimental reserach (observational research)

  Researcher does not induce any change of determinant

• 1.7 PowerPoint vrijdag

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• What are the advantages of a cohort study

  • Can study multiple outcomes for a single exposure

  • clear relationship between exposure and outcome
  • less subject to biases
  • relative risk and incidence rate

• What are the disadvantages of a cohort study

  • Large sample size
    
  • time-consuming = high chance of loss to follow-up
  • Not suitable for rare diseases & long latency periods
  • Ethical considerations
  • Exposure can change

• What is a typical type of bias in cohort studies?

  Selection bias -> data that is not in your dataset. 
  Loss to follow-up
  Data missing at study entry (not all people you want joint the cohort)

• What are the main types of biases for case control studies?

  • Selection bias
    
  • control group is not representative for the population the cases are derived from
  • not everyone you want is willing to participate (e.g. Smokers with regrets)
  • Information bias
  • over or under reporting exposure 
  • recall bias