Digestion and absorption - Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates - The classification of carbohydrates
10 important questions on Digestion and absorption - Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates - The classification of carbohydrates
What are the two groups of dietary carbohydrates?
Sugars
Polysaccharides
In what two groups can polysaccharides be subdivided?
Starch
Non-starch polysaccharides
In what two groups can we consider sugar (monosaccharides and disaccharides)?
Intrinstic sugars (plant cell walls)
Extrinsic sugars (sugars that are in free solution in foods)
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Why are extrinsic sugars diveded in milk sugar and nonmilk extrinsic sugars?
Lactose doesn't cause dental decay and is an important source of calcium, protein an vitamin B2
What is the difference between glucose and galactose?
The arrangement of one hydroxyl group
How does fuctose differ from glucose and galactose?
It has a C=O (keto)group at carbon 2, the others have H-C=O (aldehyde group at corbon one)
How are sugar alcohols formed?
By reduction of aldehyde group in monosaccharide to hydroxyl (-HO) group
Name the major dietary disaccharides
Sucrose (cane or beet sugar); glucosyl-fructose
Lactose (sugar or milk); galactosyl-glucose
Maltose (isolated from malt & product in starch digestion); glucosyl-glucose
Isomaltose (product starch digestion); glucosyl-glucose linked 1-->6
Trehalose (espacially mushrooms & bloodsugar insects); glycosyl-glucoside
What do we mean by reducing sugars?
A chemical reaction of the sugars, the ability to reduce a suitable acceptor such as copper ions.
What is the simplest type of starch?
Amylose, a straight chain of glucose molecules.
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