Digestion and absorption - Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates - The classification of carbohydrates

10 important questions on Digestion and absorption - Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates - The classification of carbohydrates

What are the two groups of dietary carbohydrates?

Sugars

Polysaccharides

In what two groups can polysaccharides be subdivided?

Starch

Non-starch polysaccharides

In what two groups can we consider sugar (monosaccharides and disaccharides)?

Intrinstic sugars (plant cell walls)

Extrinsic sugars (sugars that are in free solution in foods)

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Why are extrinsic sugars diveded in milk sugar and nonmilk extrinsic sugars?

Lactose doesn't cause dental decay and is an important source of calcium, protein an vitamin B2

What is the difference between glucose and galactose?

The arrangement of one hydroxyl group

How does fuctose differ from glucose and galactose?

It has a C=O (keto)group at carbon 2, the others have H-C=O (aldehyde group at corbon one)

How are sugar alcohols formed?

By reduction of aldehyde group in monosaccharide to hydroxyl (-HO) group

Name the major dietary disaccharides

Sucrose (cane or beet sugar); glucosyl-fructose

Lactose (sugar or milk); galactosyl-glucose

Maltose (isolated from malt & product in starch digestion); glucosyl-glucose

Isomaltose (product starch digestion); glucosyl-glucose linked 1-->6

Trehalose (espacially mushrooms & bloodsugar insects); glycosyl-glucoside

What do we mean by reducing sugars?

A chemical reaction of the sugars, the ability to reduce a suitable acceptor such as copper ions.

What is the simplest type of starch?

Amylose, a straight chain of glucose molecules.

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