Carboxylic Acids - What are Acid Chlorides?

3 important questions on Carboxylic Acids - What are Acid Chlorides?

What is the functional group of an acid halide?

The functional group is a carbonyl group bonded to a halogen atom.

How are acid chlorides synthesized?

By treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride SOCl2.

What are the mechanism steps in the formation of acid chloride using thionyl chloride?

1. Reaction of a nucleophile and an electrophile to form a tetrahedral sulfur intermediate.
2. Collapse of the tetrahedral sulfur intermediate to eject a leaving group and regenerate a carbonyl group.
3. Reaction of a nucleophile and an electrophile to form a tetrahedral carbonyl addition intermediate.
4. Collapse of the tetrahedral carbonyl addition intermediate to eject a leaving group and regenerate the carbonyl group.

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