Summary: Introduction To Policy
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Read the summary and the most important questions on Introduction to Policy
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Science based policy
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What are the criteria for scientific knowledge in the advisory context?
- Credible (adequate, reliable)
- Salient (useful for practice and policy)
- Legitimate (acceptable for involved parties)
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Why are there tensions between society and science?
- Science want universalism, scientific peers and unambiguity
- Policy asks for localism, reviewing by non-scientists and vagueness to bind knowledge, actors and values
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On what factors depends the contribution of scientists?
- Time - context
- Role/position
- Nature problem: complexity, uncertainties
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What is the definition of a policy?
The pursuit of achieving certain goals with certain means at certain points of time. Always meant to be the solution to a collective problem -
Describe the policy cycle
The course of events around a policy- Agenda-setting (warning science: flu is danger, action needed!)
- Agenda-policy (advice: develop science (vaccine))
- Preparation (develop scenario's)
- Decision-making (advice for decision: everyone 2x vaccine)
- Implementation (new knowledge: not everyone, only target groups)
- Evaluation (did it work? too much vaccine?)
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What are the different roles that science can play in policy?
- Separation science-policy (ivory tower)
- Dominance by science (science push)
- Dominance by policy (policy demand)
- Interaction
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What is the solution to high societal consensus and high science certainty?
Science delivers information and solutions (road improvement) -
What is the role of scientists to a high societal consensus but low level of scientific certainty?
Science conduct research, may choose their own solutions, may try to convince societal parties and governments (air quality health) -
What is the role of scientists if there is a low level of societal consensus but a high level of certainty in science?
- Scientist deliver consensus creating solutions (pacification)
- New concepts
- Inventarise of all possibilities and writing scenarios
(Euthenasia) -
What is the role of scientists when the societal consensus and the level of scientific certainty is low?
Science is a participant in the debate (climate change)
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