Legal context

14 important questions on Legal context

What are the different types of legal norms?

  • Private law (two private persons)
  • Criminal law (prosecutor (state) + criminal)
  • Public law (government + individuals(society))

What are examples of public legal norms?

  • Principle of equality
  • Principle of legitimate expectations
  • Right of defense
  • Legal certainty
  • Effective judicial protection

What is the principle of equality?

Doctrine asserting that all human beings are equal, and that they ought to be treated equally under the law (when the situation is the same, you should be treated the same)
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What is the principle of legitimate expectations?

The principles of fairness and reasonableness to a situation where a person has an expectation or interest in a public body or private parties retaining a long-standing practice or keeping a promise

Describe the Trias Politica

  • Legislative Power (wetgevend)
  • Executive Power (uitvoerend)
  • Judicial Power (federaal)

What is an administrative authority (bestuursorganen)?

  • An organ of a legal entity which has been established under public law, or
  • Another person or body that is invested with any public authority.
Administrative authorities are invested with the exclusive authority to take orders, changing the legal position of natural persons and legal entities

Why is there need for a Council Act (act by municipality = verordening)?

Principle of legality/legal certainty
  • to make sure that everyone knows when they are eligible for a subsidy
  • to make sure that everyone is treated in the same way

How is it possible that the cabinet is both legislative and executive power?

Executive has to follow the rules written down in the law
  • Legislative: cabinet makes the rules
  • Executive: cabinet gives permits

What is written down in an council act?

  • Material norms: where is your project about?
  • Procedural norms: where, time?

What is discretionary power?

To what extent the administrative authority is entitled to act independently. The administrative authority can weigh the different interests and give its own administrative judgement

What is non-discretionary power?

The administration is compelled to act in a prescribed manner, without room for own interpretation

Why is the difference between discretionary and non-discretionary decisions relevant?

  • For determining the extent of legal protection
  • Attach instructions to a permit (not possible with non-discretionary)

What is the difference in determining the extent of legal protection in discretionary?

  • Non-discretionary decisions: the judge can independently review since it is written in the law (integrale toetsing)
  • Discretionary decisions: administration has a wide scope fro making policy, the judge has to respect this freedom (marginale toetsing: the judge assesses whether the administrative could reasonably have come to its decision)

What is the detournement de pouvoir (abuse of power)?

An administrative authority may not use a power to make an order for purposes different from that for which the power is conferred

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