Index models - A single-factor security market

4 important questions on Index models - A single-factor security market

How can we simplify the way we describe the sources of security risk?

Introducing a model that simplifies the way we describe the sources of security risk allows us to use a smaller, consistent set of estimates of risk parameters and risk premiums. The simplification emerges because positive covariances among security returns arise from common economic forces that affect the fortunes of most firms.

What is joint normally distribution of securities?

When security returns can be well approximated by normal distributions that are cor- related across securities. This assumption alone implies that, at any time, security returns are driven by one or more common variables.

What is multivariate normal distribution?

When more than one variable drives normally distributed security returns, these returns are said to have a multivariate normal distribution.
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Why is a beta added to the single factor model?

We recognize that some securities will be more sensitive than others to macro- economic shocks.

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