Theology and philosophy
7 important questions on Theology and philosophy
Who is a good Muslim?
a. Conditions
- living in accordance to Islam
But: private or public mainfestation?
Ummayads: rebellion against un-isamic leadership
Ummayads: power vested in us by god, rebellion against is is rebellion against God
You need a superior authority, to justify your actions.
B. Who is to judge?
- Fellow Muslims? ‘We can see that you are a bad muslim. I can judge my fellow muslims.’(kharijites)
- God? ‘Judgement of being a sinner or not is not to us, because it is between you and God.’ (murji’ites)
C. What are the repercussions of judgements?
(i.e. accusation of beging not a (good) muslims) = takfir
-> essence of all fitna wars, because you are allowed to fight non-muslims
Then became more nuanced: it’s an accusation of apostasy (abandoning islam)
Is this a crime between you and your fellow Muslims, or between you and God?
By whom is this punishable? Is apostasy a crime like murder and theft?
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Philosophy Hayy ibn Taqzan
Main proponents Rationalists: Mu’tazila
CC Divine unity
- He knows through knowlegde and speaks with his pseech
these attributes are not part of his unity
but he alon knows how that is
All this led to the emergence of schools.
Malaki (legal) and Ashari (theological), Hanafi (legal) and Maturidi (theologial), Shafi (legal) and Ashari (theological), Mutazila, Hanbal (legal and theologial, perhaps closest to traditionalist and kharijites)
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