Innate immunity: Complement/phagocytosis
8 important questions on Innate immunity: Complement/phagocytosis
What are the distinct phase in complement system?
- Pattern-recognition trigger
- protease cascade amplification/C3 convertase
- zymogens (inactieve pro-enzymes)becomes active after cleavage, which activates a cascade
- Inflammation, phagocytosis, membrane attack
What is the role properdin?
Explain negative regulatory proteins on health cells
- C3b bound to these proteins are cleaved by factor I to yield inactive C3b (iC3b)
- no activation of complement system on host cells surfaces
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
How is inflammation initiated through complement proteins?
- increased permeability allows increased fluid leakage and extravasation of Ig and complement molecules
- migration of macropgahen, neutrophils,. En lymphocytes
C5a en C3a also active mast cells, there are anaphylatotoxins as they produce schocklike syndrome.
How is membrane-attack complex formed?
- C5b binds to C6 and C7, via C7 the complex binds to membrane
- C8 binds to complex and inserts into membrane
- C9 molecules binds and polymerize to form pore in membrane
How is complement regulated to prevent attack on host cells?
- C1INH dissociated C1r and C1s from the active C1 complex
- DAF, C4BP, CR1 displace C2a from the C4b2a complex. C4b is cleaved by factor I
- CR1 and h displace C3b, which is cleaved by I
- CD59 prevent binding CD9
Explain phagocytosis, endocytosis, macroinocytosis
- produce superoxide radicals, nitric oxide radicals
Receptor-mediated endocytosis - extracellulair martiaal is taken up by endosomal compartments
Macropinocytosis - nonspecific uptake of extracellular fluids
What are the PRRs that stimulate phagocytosis?
mannose receptor
scavenger receptor
complement receptor
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
