Cell fate determination in immunity
7 important questions on Cell fate determination in immunity
How intacellailre bacteria still be seen by TH1?
· However, peptides derived from these microorganism can be displayed by MHC-II on macrophage surface and thereby recognized by Th1 cells
o Can lead to cytokine secretion to enhance mcrofage antimicrobial defenses
o M1 macrophage after boosting antimicriobal mechanism by Th1 cells
o M1 secrete IL-12
Which signals are needed for macrofagen activation?
1. IFN-Y
a. Increase synthesis of MCH molecules and B7
2. CD40L
How does TH1 recruit other cells?
§ TNF-alfa and LT-alfa activate endothelium to enhance local recruitment of monocytes
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Th2 cell function in helminth infection
1. Produce IL-13
a. induce epithelial cell repair and mucus
b. increase smooth muscle contractility that enhance worm expulsion
2. produce IL-4 and IL-13 to activate M2
a. products of arginase-1 increase smooth muscle contraction and enhance tissue repair
3. produce IL-5 to recruit eosinophils
4. IL-3 and IL-9 to recruit mast cells
Th17 functions in infections by extracellaire bacteria
1. Produce IL-17 and IL-22 induce production of antimicrobial peptides by epithelial cells
2. Produce IL-22 increase epithelial cell turnover
3. Produce IL-17
a. stimulate production of neutrophils through G-CSF
b. recruit neutrophil through chemokine of stromal cells
4. CCL20 recruit Th17 cells to site of infection
Plasticity of CD4 T cells;
- IL-4 Th2
- TGF-beta Treg of Th17 IL-12 Th1
- IFN-gamma and IFNy Th1
Long-term survival memory
- Memory T cells express IL-Y7Ra and yc, to allow them to respond to pro-surival cytokine Il-7
o Memory require IL-7 but less dependent on self peptides:self MHC complex for surival
- Some CD8+ require IL-15
While naïve and effecror cells depend on glycolysis for OXPHOS, memory fuel them by fatty acids
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