Inventing Judaism, religious diversity - Mijn les aantekeningen

17 important questions on Inventing Judaism, religious diversity - Mijn les aantekeningen

What is the western wall, what happened to it, and why is it also revered.

It's a wall that was erected during Herod's renovations.
The romans destroyed most of the temple, but it still stands.
It's supposedly the wall closest to the holy of holies and thereby most in connection with God.

What was the difference between exile and diaspora?

Exiled jews were forced out of their country as punishment but always hoped and wanted to go back to Jerusalem. 
Diaspora Jews chose to live in different contexts and countries because there were better opportunities in different places.

What does the persian period of the second temple denote?

It denotes the time where Cyrus of Persia conquered Babylon after it had taken jerusalem/ Israel/ judea, and ruled over it as king.
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Why did the jews welcome Cyrus with open arms into the temple?

The king was needed in the ceremonies and Cyrus was seen as liberator because he was supposedly anointed by God to lead the Israelites back into their city and temple.

What did the language of the Persians mean for the jews.

The jews had to learn it, because it is the language of the empire. So they changed their Hebrew into Armaic script. This created new separation in cultures

What happened to the TaNaKh and Hebrew after Alexender the Great conquered basically everything?

Greek spread, so the Judeans had to learn Greek next to their Armaic and Hebrew. The septuagint is a result of the language of the new empire. It is the greek translation of the TaNaKh

Why did Antiochus IV, king of de Seleucids stand out in Jewish history?

He made war with the neighbouring countries and wanted to conquer Egypt. So he raided the temple for money for his war. Later he did another desolating sacrilige (no-one knows what) in the temple, so the Judeans started to revolt.

How is Hannukah related to the Maccabean revolt?

After Judah Maccabee took back the temple in a revolt against the empire, they celebrated their re-establishment with cleansing and 8 days of festivities. This period has come to be known as Hannukah.

What was controversial about Judah Maccabee's reign and siege to power in relation to all practicing Jews?

Maccabee fought with everyone he didn't really like what they were doing. So even Jews who 'weren't practicing their religion right'.

How did the Hasmonean Dynasty come to an end?

They had semi-autonomy but were also warring against neighboring kingdoms. They asked Pompey for help in their war which they did. But after helping they decided to overrule the king they helped and installed their own governer.

How did Herod become king?

After Herod was appointed governor of Perea, Judea, and Idumea, the kings fought over their right to kingship once more. Then the Romans decided to stop the fighting by making Herod the king.

Why did the Jews want to revolt against the Romans?

Herod built a lot of stuff, like his own city, palace and he renovated the temple. For all this, he asked a lot of taxes, which the Jews did not like.

When was the first Jewish war, and what was the result for them?

From 66-70 BCE and the Jews were banished after that.

How did the time of the Maccabees shift the Jewish identity?

They considered not just people from Judea to be Jewish, but they considered the people who practiced Judean practices as Jewish.
(We speak of Jews from this point on, but back then, they were still Judeans or Israelites)

How is Judaismus presented as a direct opposition to Hellenism?

They distinguished themselves as having different and specific practices from the greeks

What were six distinctive Judean/Jewish customs?

1. Circumcision
2. Covenant
3. Sacrifices
4. Food Laws
5. Sabbath
6. Worship of God

What four Jewish sects flourished during the second temple period, but fell away when it ended?

1. Pharisees
2. Sadducees
3. Essenes
4. Zealots

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